build: upgrade jasmine (and related typings) to latest version (#19904)

With these changes, the types are a little stricter now and also not
compatible with Protractor's jasmine-like syntax. So, we have to also
use `@types/jasminewd2` for e2e tests (but not for non-e2e tests).

I also had to "augment" `@types/jasminewd2`, because the latest
typings from [DefinitelyTyped][1] do not reflect the fact that the
`jasminewd2` version (v2.1.0) currently used by Protractor supports
passing a `done` callback to a spec.

[1]: 566e039485/types/jasminewd2/index.d.ts (L9-L15)

Fixes #23952
Closes #24733

PR Close #19904

packages/compiler-cli/test/diagnostics/expression_diagnostics_spec.ts

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ describe('expression diagnostics', () => {
     }
   }
 
-  function reject(template: string, expected: string | RegExp) {
+  function reject(template: string, expected: string) {
     const info = getDiagnosticTemplateInfo(context, type, 'app/app.component.html', template);
     if (info) {
       const diagnostics = getTemplateExpressionDiagnostics(info);
@@ -240,4 +240,4 @@ const FILES: Directory = {
       `
     }
   }
-};
+};