fix(ngcc): do not emit ES2015 code in ES5 files (#33514)

Previously, ngcc's `Renderer` would add some constants in the processed
files which were emitted as ES2015 code (e.g. `const` declarations).
This would result in invalid ES5 generated code that would break when
run on browsers that do not support the emitted format.

This commit fixes it by adding a `printStatement()` method to
`RenderingFormatter`, which can convert statements to JavaScript code in
a suitable format for the corresponding `RenderingFormatter`.
Additionally, the `translateExpression()` and `translateStatement()`
ngtsc helper methods are augmented to accept an extra hint to know
whether the code needs to be translated to ES5 format or not.

Fixes #32665

PR Close #33514

packages/compiler-cli/ngcc/test/integration/ngcc_spec.ts

@@ -147,6 +147,38 @@ runInEachFileSystem(() => {
               '{ bar: [{ type: Input }] });');
     });
 
+    it('should not add `const` in ES5 generated code', () => {
+      genNodeModules({
+        'test-package': {
+          '/index.ts': `
+            import {Directive, Input, NgModule} from '@angular/core';
+
+            @Directive({
+              selector: '[foo]',
+              host: {bar: ''},
+            })
+            export class FooDirective {
+            }
+
+            @NgModule({
+              declarations: [FooDirective],
+            })
+            export class FooModule {}
+          `,
+        },
+      });
+
+      mainNgcc({
+        basePath: '/node_modules',
+        targetEntryPointPath: 'test-package',
+        propertiesToConsider: ['main'],
+      });
+
+      const jsContents = fs.readFile(_(`/node_modules/test-package/index.js`));
+      expect(jsContents).not.toMatch(/\bconst \w+\s*=/);
+      expect(jsContents).toMatch(/\bvar _c0 =/);
+    });
+
     describe('in async mode', () => {
       it('should run ngcc without errors for fesm2015', async() => {
         const promise = mainNgcc({