refactor(ivy): fix type of factory functions to allow explicit types (#30855)

Factory functions written by the compiler optionally allow an explicit type
to be passed. If called with this type, an instance of the given type will
be created instead of the type for which the factory was generated. This is
used to power inheritance of Angular types, as if the constructor of a class
is inherited from its superclass, then the factory function of the
superclass must be used (it has all the DI info) to construct an instance of
the derived class.

This commit adjusts typings in a few places to allow factory functions to be
called with this extra type parameter.

PR Close #30855

packages/core/src/di/interface/defs.ts

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ export interface ɵɵInjectableDef<T> {
   /**
    * Factory method to execute to create an instance of the injectable.
    */
-  factory: () => T;
+  factory: (t?: Type<any>) => T;
 
   /**
    * In a case of no explicit injector, a location where the instance of the injectable is stored.

packages/core/src/di/jit/environment.ts

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ export const angularCoreDiEnv: {[name: string]: Function} = {
   'ɵɵgetFactoryOf': getFactoryOf,
 };
 
-function getFactoryOf<T>(type: Type<any>): ((type: Type<T>| null) => T)|null {
+function getFactoryOf<T>(type: Type<any>): ((type?: Type<T>) => T)|null {
   const typeAny = type as any;
   const def = getInjectableDef<T>(typeAny) || getInjectorDef<T>(typeAny);
   if (!def || def.factory === undefined) {