feat(common): add @angular/common/upgrade package for $location-related APIs (#30055)

AngularJS's `$location` service doesn't have a direct counterpart in Angular. This is largely because the `Location` service in Angular was pulled out of the `Router`, but was not purpose-built to stand on its own.

This commit adds a new `@angular/common/upgrade` package with the beginnings of a new `LocationUpgradeService`. This service will more closely match the API of AngularJS and provide a way to replace the `$location` service from AngularJS.

PR Close #30055

packages/platform-server/src/location.ts

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ function parseUrl(urlStr: string) {
  */
 @Injectable()
 export class ServerPlatformLocation implements PlatformLocation {
+  public readonly href: string = '/';
   public readonly hostname: string = '/';
   public readonly protocol: string = '/';
   public readonly port: string = '/';