ci: move public-api goldens to goldens directory (#35768)

Moves the public api .d.ts files from tools/public_api_guard to
goldens/public-api.

Additionally, provides a README in the goldens directory and a script
assist in testing the current state of the repo against the goldens as
well as a command for accepting all changes to the goldens in a single
command.

PR Close #35768

goldens/public-api/compiler-cli/compiler_options.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+export interface BazelAndG3Options {
+    annotateForClosureCompiler?: boolean;
+    generateDeepReexports?: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface I18nOptions {
+    enableI18nLegacyMessageIdFormat?: boolean;
+    i18nInLocale?: string;
+    i18nUseExternalIds?: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface LegacyNgcOptions {
+    allowEmptyCodegenFiles?: boolean;
+    flatModuleId?: string;
+    flatModuleOutFile?: string;
+    fullTemplateTypeCheck?: boolean;
+    preserveWhitespaces?: boolean;
+    strictInjectionParameters?: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface MiscOptions {
+    compileNonExportedClasses?: boolean;
+    disableTypeScriptVersionCheck?: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface NgcCompatibilityOptions {
+    enableIvy?: boolean | 'ngtsc';
+    generateNgFactoryShims?: boolean;
+    generateNgSummaryShims?: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface StrictTemplateOptions {
+    strictAttributeTypes?: boolean;
+    strictContextGenerics?: boolean;
+    strictDomEventTypes?: boolean;
+    strictDomLocalRefTypes?: boolean;
+    strictInputTypes?: boolean;
+    strictLiteralTypes?: boolean;
+    strictNullInputTypes?: boolean;
+    strictOutputEventTypes?: boolean;
+    strictSafeNavigationTypes?: boolean;
+    strictTemplates?: boolean;
+}