refactor(upgrade/upgrade_adapter): use Deferred helper

Making Angular 1's `$compile` asynchronous by chaining injector promises
in linking functions can cause flickering views in applications.

modules/@angular/upgrade/src/util.ts

@@ -22,3 +22,16 @@ export function onError(e: any) {
 export function controllerKey(name: string): string {
   return '$' + name + 'Controller';
 }
+
+export class Deferred<R> {
+  promise: Promise<R>;
+  resolve: (value?: R|PromiseLike<R>) => void;
+  reject: (error?: any) => void;
+
+  constructor() {
+    this.promise = new Promise((res, rej) => {
+      this.resolve = res;
+      this.reject = rej;
+    });
+  }
+}