refactor(compiler): add @nocollapse annotation using a synthetic comment (#35932)

In Ivy, Angular decorators are compiled into static fields that are
inserted into a class declaration in a TypeScript transform. When
targeting Closure compiler such fields need to be annotated with
`@nocollapse` to prevent them from being lifted from a static field into
a variable, as that would prevent the Ivy runtime from being able to
find the compiled definitions.

Previously, there was a bug in TypeScript where synthetic comments added
in a transform would not be emitted at all, so as a workaround a global
regex-replace was done in the emit's `writeFile` callback that would add
the `@nocollapse` annotation to all static Ivy definition fields. This
approach is no longer possible when ngtsc is running as TypeScript
plugin, as a plugin cannot control emit behavior.

The workaround is no longer necessary, as synthetic comments are now
properly emitted, likely as of
https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/pull/22141 which has been
released with TypeScript 2.8.

This change is required for running ngtsc as TypeScript plugin in
Bazel's `ts_library` rule, to move away from the custom `ngc_wrapped`
approach.

Resolves FW-1952

PR Close #35932

packages/compiler-cli/test/transformers/node_emitter_spec.ts

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ describe('TypeScriptNodeEmitter', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     context = new MockAotContext('/', FILES);
     host = new MockCompilerHost(context);
-    emitter = new TypeScriptNodeEmitter();
+    emitter = new TypeScriptNodeEmitter(false);
     someVar = o.variable('someVar', null, null);
   });