feat(ivy): ngtsc compiles @Component, @Directive, @NgModule (#24427)

This change supports compilation of components, directives, and modules
within ngtsc. Support is not complete, but is enough to compile and test
//packages/core/test/bundling/todo in full AOT mode. Code size benefits
are not yet achieved as //packages/core itself does not get compiled, and
some decorators (e.g. @Input) are not stripped, leading to unwanted code
being retained by the tree-shaker. This will be improved in future commits.

PR Close #24427

packages/compiler-cli/src/ngtsc/transform/index.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@
  * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
  */
 
+export * from './src/api';
 export {IvyCompilation} from './src/compilation';
-export {InjectableCompilerAdapter} from './src/injectable';
 export {ivyTransformFactory} from './src/transform';