feat(ivy): ngtsc compiles @Component, @Directive, @NgModule (#24427)

This change supports compilation of components, directives, and modules
within ngtsc. Support is not complete, but is enough to compile and test
//packages/core/test/bundling/todo in full AOT mode. Code size benefits
are not yet achieved as //packages/core itself does not get compiled, and
some decorators (e.g. @Input) are not stripped, leading to unwanted code
being retained by the tree-shaker. This will be improved in future commits.

PR Close #24427

packages/core/src/render3/jit/environment.ts

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 
 import {defineInjectable, defineInjector,} from '../../di/defs';
 import {inject} from '../../di/injector';
-import {defineNgModule} from '../../metadata/ng_module';
 import * as r3 from '../index';
 
 
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ export const angularCoreEnv: {[name: string]: Function} = {
   'ɵdefineDirective': r3.defineDirective,
   'defineInjectable': defineInjectable,
   'defineInjector': defineInjector,
-  'ɵdefineNgModule': defineNgModule,
+  'ɵdefineNgModule': r3.defineNgModule,
   'ɵdefinePipe': r3.definePipe,
   'ɵdirectiveInject': r3.directiveInject,
   'inject': inject,