feat(core): add initial view engine (#14014)

The new view engine allows our codegen to produce less code,
as it can interpret view definitions during runtime.

The view engine is not feature complete yet, but already
allows to implement a tree benchmark based on it.

Part of #14013

modules/benchmarks/src/tree/ng2_next/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Ng2 Next Benchmark
+
+This benchmark uses the upcoming view engine for Angular 2, which moves
+more functionality from codegen into runtime to reduce generated code size.
+
+As we introduce more runtime code, we need to be very careful to not
+regress in performance, compared to the pure codegen solution.
+
+## Initial resuls: size of Deep Tree Benchmark
+
+File size for Tree benchmark template,
+view class of the component + the 2 embedded view classes (without imports nor host view factory):
+
+                               | bytes | ratio | bytes (gzip) | ratio (gzip)
+------------------------------ | ----- | ----- | ------------ | ------------
+Source template + annotation   | 245   | 1x    | 159          | 1x
+Gen code (Closure minified)    | 2693  | 11.9x | 746          | 4.7x
+New View Engine (minified)     | 868   | 3.5x  | 436          | 2.7x
+
+## Initial results: performance of Deep Tree Benchmark
+
+Measured locally on a MacBook Pro.
+
+BENCHMARK deepTree....
+Description:
+- bundles: false
+- depth: 11
+- forceGc: false
+- regressionSlopeMetric: scriptTime
+- sampleSize: 20
+- userAgent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.95 Safari/537.36
+
+...createOnly   |           gcAmount |             gcTime |        majorGcTime |     pureScriptTime |         renderTime |         scriptTime
+--------------- | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------
+ng2             |      11461.24+-21% |         12.35+-42% |         1.15+-429% |          72.49+-4% |          49.61+-4% |          82.69+-6%
+ng2 next        |       6207.77+-93% |          9.84+-84% |         3.35+-238% |          73.95+-4% |          49.86+-4% |         77.53+-10%
+
+...update       |           gcAmount |             gcTime |        majorGcTime |     pureScriptTime |         renderTime |         scriptTime
+--------------- | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------
+ng2             |               0.00 |         0.00+-435% |         0.00+-435% |          13.34+-8% |          28.55+-8% |          13.34+-8%
+ng2 next        |       175.02+-435% |         0.74+-435% |         0.00+-302% |         20.55+-12% |          28.00+-6% |         20.55+-12%
+
+...pure cd (10x) |           gcAmount |             gcTime |        majorGcTime |     pureScriptTime |         renderTime |         scriptTime
+--------------- | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------
+ng2             |      2155.57+-238% |         0.24+-238% |         0.00+-238% |          19.32+-9% |           2.54+-6% |          19.32+-9%
+ng2 next        |       908.12+-366% |         1.62+-325% |         0.49+-435% |          30.66+-6% |          2.62+-19% |          30.66+-6%