feat(ngcc): allow async locking timeouts to be configured (#36838)

The commit adds support to the ngcc.config.js file for setting the
`retryAttempts` and `retryDelay` options for the `AsyncLocker`.

An integration test adds a new check for a timeout and actually uses the
ngcc.config.js to reduce the timeout time to prevent the test from taking
too long to complete.

PR Close #36838

integration/ngcc/ngcc.config.js

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+module.exports = {
+  locking: {
+    retryAttempts: 5,
+    retryDelay: 100,
+  }
+};