fix(core): allow directives to inject the component’s ChangeDetectorRef. (#16394)

When a directive lives on the same element as a component
(e.g. `<my-comp myDir>`), the directive was not able to get hold
of the `ChangeDetectorRef` of the component on that element. However,
as directives are supposed to decorate components, this is incorrect.

This commit enables this use case.

Closes #12816

packages/core/src/view/provider.ts

@@ -355,6 +355,12 @@ export function resolveDep(
   }
   const tokenKey = depDef.tokenKey;
 
+  if (tokenKey === ChangeDetectorRefTokenKey) {
+    // directives on the same element as a component should be able to control the change detector
+    // of that component as well.
+    allowPrivateServices = !!(elDef && elDef.element !.componentView);
+  }
+
   if (elDef && (depDef.flags & DepFlags.SkipSelf)) {
     allowPrivateServices = false;
     elDef = elDef.parent !;