feat(browser): use AppModules for bootstrap in the browser

This introduces the `BrowserModule` to be used for long form
bootstrap and offline compile bootstrap:

```
@AppModule({
  modules: [BrowserModule],
  precompile: [MainComponent],
  providers: […], // additional providers
  directives: […], // additional platform directives
  pipes: […] // additional platform pipes
})
class MyModule {
  constructor(appRef: ApplicationRef) {
    appRef.bootstrap(MainComponent);
  }
}

// offline compile
import {bootstrapModuleFactory} from ‘@angular/platform-browser’;
bootstrapModuleFactory(MyModuleNgFactory);

// runtime compile long form
import {bootstrapModule} from ‘@angular/platform-browser-dynamic’;
bootstrapModule(MyModule);
```

The short form, `bootstrap(...)`, can now creates a module on the fly,
given `directives`, `pipes, `providers`, `precompile` and `modules`
properties.

Related changes:
- make `SanitizationService`, `SecurityContext` public in `@angular/core` so that the offline compiler can resolve the token
- move `AnimationDriver` to `platform-browser` and make it
  public so that the offline compiler can resolve the token

BREAKING CHANGES:
- short form bootstrap does no longer allow
  to inject compiler internals (i.e. everything 
  from `@angular/compiler). Inject `Compiler` instead.
  To provide custom providers for the compiler,
  create a custom compiler via `browserCompiler({providers: [...]})`
  and pass that into the `bootstrap` method.

modules/@angular/compiler/src/compiler.ts

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ import {Lexer} from './expression_parser/lexer';
 import {ViewResolver} from './view_resolver';
 import {DirectiveResolver} from './directive_resolver';
 import {PipeResolver} from './pipe_resolver';
+import {Console, Reflector, reflector, ReflectorReader} from '../core_private';
 
 /**
  * A set of providers that provide `RuntimeCompiler` and its dependencies to use for
@@ -45,6 +46,9 @@ import {PipeResolver} from './pipe_resolver';
  */
 export const COMPILER_PROVIDERS: Array<any|Type|{[k: string]: any}|any[]> =
     /*@ts2dart_const*/[
+      {provide: Reflector, useValue: reflector},
+      {provide: ReflectorReader, useExisting: Reflector},
+      Console,
       Lexer,
       Parser,
       HtmlParser,