feat(browser): use AppModules for bootstrap in the browser

This introduces the `BrowserModule` to be used for long form
bootstrap and offline compile bootstrap:

```
@AppModule({
  modules: [BrowserModule],
  precompile: [MainComponent],
  providers: […], // additional providers
  directives: […], // additional platform directives
  pipes: […] // additional platform pipes
})
class MyModule {
  constructor(appRef: ApplicationRef) {
    appRef.bootstrap(MainComponent);
  }
}

// offline compile
import {bootstrapModuleFactory} from ‘@angular/platform-browser’;
bootstrapModuleFactory(MyModuleNgFactory);

// runtime compile long form
import {bootstrapModule} from ‘@angular/platform-browser-dynamic’;
bootstrapModule(MyModule);
```

The short form, `bootstrap(...)`, can now creates a module on the fly,
given `directives`, `pipes, `providers`, `precompile` and `modules`
properties.

Related changes:
- make `SanitizationService`, `SecurityContext` public in `@angular/core` so that the offline compiler can resolve the token
- move `AnimationDriver` to `platform-browser` and make it
  public so that the offline compiler can resolve the token

BREAKING CHANGES:
- short form bootstrap does no longer allow
  to inject compiler internals (i.e. everything 
  from `@angular/compiler). Inject `Compiler` instead.
  To provide custom providers for the compiler,
  create a custom compiler via `browserCompiler({providers: [...]})`
  and pass that into the `bootstrap` method.

modules/@angular/compiler-cli/integrationtest/src/module_fixtures.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license that can be
+ * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
+ */
+
+import {LowerCasePipe, NgIf} from '@angular/common';
+import {AppModule, Component, ComponentFactoryResolver, Injectable} from '@angular/core';
+import {BrowserModule} from '@angular/platform-browser';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class SomeService {
+  public prop = 'someValue';
+}
+
+@Injectable()
+export class NestedService {
+}
+
+@Component({
+  selector: 'cmp',
+  template: `<div  [title]="'HELLO' | lowercase"></div><div *ngIf="true"></div>`
+})
+export class SomeComp {
+  constructor() {}
+}
+
+@Component({selector: 'parent', template: `<cmp></cmp>`, directives: [SomeComp]})
+export class ParentComp {
+}
+
+@AppModule({providers: [NestedService]})
+export class NestedModule {
+}
+
+@AppModule({
+  directives: [NgIf],
+  pipes: [LowerCasePipe],
+  providers: [SomeService],
+  precompile: [SomeComp],
+  modules: [NestedModule, BrowserModule]
+})
+export class SomeModule {
+}
+
+@AppModule({
+  directives: [NgIf],
+  pipes: [LowerCasePipe],
+  precompile: [ParentComp],
+  modules: [BrowserModule]
+})
+export class SomeModuleUsingParentComp {
+}