feat(browser): use AppModules for bootstrap in the browser

This introduces the `BrowserModule` to be used for long form
bootstrap and offline compile bootstrap:

```
@AppModule({
  modules: [BrowserModule],
  precompile: [MainComponent],
  providers: […], // additional providers
  directives: […], // additional platform directives
  pipes: […] // additional platform pipes
})
class MyModule {
  constructor(appRef: ApplicationRef) {
    appRef.bootstrap(MainComponent);
  }
}

// offline compile
import {bootstrapModuleFactory} from ‘@angular/platform-browser’;
bootstrapModuleFactory(MyModuleNgFactory);

// runtime compile long form
import {bootstrapModule} from ‘@angular/platform-browser-dynamic’;
bootstrapModule(MyModule);
```

The short form, `bootstrap(...)`, can now creates a module on the fly,
given `directives`, `pipes, `providers`, `precompile` and `modules`
properties.

Related changes:
- make `SanitizationService`, `SecurityContext` public in `@angular/core` so that the offline compiler can resolve the token
- move `AnimationDriver` to `platform-browser` and make it
  public so that the offline compiler can resolve the token

BREAKING CHANGES:
- short form bootstrap does no longer allow
  to inject compiler internals (i.e. everything 
  from `@angular/compiler). Inject `Compiler` instead.
  To provide custom providers for the compiler,
  create a custom compiler via `browserCompiler({providers: [...]})`
  and pass that into the `bootstrap` method.

modules/@angular/compiler-cli/integrationtest/test/precompile_spec.ts

@@ -6,22 +6,15 @@
  * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
  */
 
-import {DebugElement, ReflectiveInjector, getDebugNode, lockRunMode} from '@angular/core';
-import {BROWSER_APP_PROVIDERS, By} from '@angular/platform-browser';
-import {serverPlatform} from '@angular/platform-server';
-
-import {SomeComp} from '../src/precompile';
-import {CompWithPrecompileNgFactory} from '../src/precompile.ngfactory';
-
-// Need to lock the mode explicitely as this test is not using Angular's testing framework.
-lockRunMode();
+import './init';
+import {BasicComp} from '../src/basic';
+import {CompWithPrecompile} from '../src/precompile';
+import {createComponent} from './util';
 
 describe('content projection', () => {
   it('should support basic content projection', () => {
-    const appInjector =
-        ReflectiveInjector.resolveAndCreate(BROWSER_APP_PROVIDERS, serverPlatform().injector);
-    var compWithPrecompile = CompWithPrecompileNgFactory.create(appInjector).instance;
-    var cf = compWithPrecompile.cfr.resolveComponentFactory(SomeComp);
-    expect(cf.componentType).toBe(SomeComp);
+    var compFixture = createComponent(CompWithPrecompile);
+    var cf = compFixture.componentInstance.cfr.resolveComponentFactory(BasicComp);
+    expect(cf.componentType).toBe(BasicComp);
   });
 });