feat(browser): use AppModules for bootstrap in the browser

This introduces the `BrowserModule` to be used for long form
bootstrap and offline compile bootstrap:

```
@AppModule({
  modules: [BrowserModule],
  precompile: [MainComponent],
  providers: […], // additional providers
  directives: […], // additional platform directives
  pipes: […] // additional platform pipes
})
class MyModule {
  constructor(appRef: ApplicationRef) {
    appRef.bootstrap(MainComponent);
  }
}

// offline compile
import {bootstrapModuleFactory} from ‘@angular/platform-browser’;
bootstrapModuleFactory(MyModuleNgFactory);

// runtime compile long form
import {bootstrapModule} from ‘@angular/platform-browser-dynamic’;
bootstrapModule(MyModule);
```

The short form, `bootstrap(...)`, can now creates a module on the fly,
given `directives`, `pipes, `providers`, `precompile` and `modules`
properties.

Related changes:
- make `SanitizationService`, `SecurityContext` public in `@angular/core` so that the offline compiler can resolve the token
- move `AnimationDriver` to `platform-browser` and make it
  public so that the offline compiler can resolve the token

BREAKING CHANGES:
- short form bootstrap does no longer allow
  to inject compiler internals (i.e. everything 
  from `@angular/compiler). Inject `Compiler` instead.
  To provide custom providers for the compiler,
  create a custom compiler via `browserCompiler({providers: [...]})`
  and pass that into the `bootstrap` method.

modules/@angular/compiler-cli/test/static_reflector_spec.ts

@@ -308,6 +308,13 @@ describe('StaticReflector', () => {
         .toEqual(host.getStaticSymbol('/src/extern.d.ts', 'nonExisting'));
   });
 
+  it('should simplify a function reference as a static symbol', () => {
+    expect(simplify(
+               new StaticSymbol('/src/cases', 'myFunction'),
+               ({__symbolic: 'function', parameters: ['a'], value: []})))
+        .toEqual(host.getStaticSymbol('/src/cases', 'myFunction'));
+  });
+
   it('should simplify values initialized with a function call', () => {
     expect(simplify(new StaticSymbol('/tmp/src/function-reference.ts', ''), {
       __symbolic: 'reference',