feat(browser): use AppModules for bootstrap in the browser

This introduces the `BrowserModule` to be used for long form
bootstrap and offline compile bootstrap:

```
@AppModule({
  modules: [BrowserModule],
  precompile: [MainComponent],
  providers: […], // additional providers
  directives: […], // additional platform directives
  pipes: […] // additional platform pipes
})
class MyModule {
  constructor(appRef: ApplicationRef) {
    appRef.bootstrap(MainComponent);
  }
}

// offline compile
import {bootstrapModuleFactory} from ‘@angular/platform-browser’;
bootstrapModuleFactory(MyModuleNgFactory);

// runtime compile long form
import {bootstrapModule} from ‘@angular/platform-browser-dynamic’;
bootstrapModule(MyModule);
```

The short form, `bootstrap(...)`, can now creates a module on the fly,
given `directives`, `pipes, `providers`, `precompile` and `modules`
properties.

Related changes:
- make `SanitizationService`, `SecurityContext` public in `@angular/core` so that the offline compiler can resolve the token
- move `AnimationDriver` to `platform-browser` and make it
  public so that the offline compiler can resolve the token

BREAKING CHANGES:
- short form bootstrap does no longer allow
  to inject compiler internals (i.e. everything 
  from `@angular/compiler). Inject `Compiler` instead.
  To provide custom providers for the compiler,
  create a custom compiler via `browserCompiler({providers: [...]})`
  and pass that into the `bootstrap` method.

modules/@angular/core/src/linker/compiler.ts

@@ -18,16 +18,17 @@ import {ComponentFactory} from './component_factory';
  * Low-level service for running the angular compiler duirng runtime
  * to create {@link ComponentFactory}s, which
  * can later be used to create and render a Component instance.
+ *
+ * Each `@AppModule` provides an own `Compiler` to its injector,
+ * that will use the directives/pipes of the app module for compilation
+ * of components.
  * @stable
  */
 export class Compiler {
   /**
    * Loads the template and styles of a component and returns the associated `ComponentFactory`.
    */
-  compileComponentAsync<T>(component: ConcreteType<T>, {moduleDirectives = [], modulePipes = []}: {
-    moduleDirectives?: ConcreteType<any>[],
-    modulePipes?: ConcreteType<any>[]
-  } = {}): Promise<ComponentFactory<T>> {
+  compileComponentAsync<T>(component: ConcreteType<T>): Promise<ComponentFactory<T>> {
     throw new BaseException(
         `Runtime compiler is not loaded. Tried to compile ${stringify(component)}`);
   }
@@ -35,10 +36,7 @@ export class Compiler {
    * Compiles the given component. All templates have to be either inline or compiled via
    * `compileComponentAsync` before.
    */
-  compileComponentSync<T>(component: ConcreteType<T>, {moduleDirectives = [], modulePipes = []}: {
-    moduleDirectives?: ConcreteType<any>[],
-    modulePipes?: ConcreteType<any>[]
-  } = {}): ComponentFactory<T> {
+  compileComponentSync<T>(component: ConcreteType<T>): ComponentFactory<T> {
     throw new BaseException(
         `Runtime compiler is not loaded. Tried to compile ${stringify(component)}`);
   }

modules/@angular/core/src/linker/view.ts

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ import {AnimationPlayer} from '../animation/animation_player';
 import {AnimationGroupPlayer} from '../animation/animation_group_player';
 import {AnimationKeyframe} from '../animation/animation_keyframe';
 import {AnimationStyles} from '../animation/animation_styles';
-import {AnimationDriver} from '../animation/animation_driver';
 import {ActiveAnimationPlayersMap} from '../animation/active_animation_players_map';
 
 var _scope_check: WtfScopeFn = wtfCreateScope(`AppView#check(ascii id)`);