feat(browser): use AppModules for bootstrap in the browser

This introduces the `BrowserModule` to be used for long form
bootstrap and offline compile bootstrap:

```
@AppModule({
  modules: [BrowserModule],
  precompile: [MainComponent],
  providers: […], // additional providers
  directives: […], // additional platform directives
  pipes: […] // additional platform pipes
})
class MyModule {
  constructor(appRef: ApplicationRef) {
    appRef.bootstrap(MainComponent);
  }
}

// offline compile
import {bootstrapModuleFactory} from ‘@angular/platform-browser’;
bootstrapModuleFactory(MyModuleNgFactory);

// runtime compile long form
import {bootstrapModule} from ‘@angular/platform-browser-dynamic’;
bootstrapModule(MyModule);
```

The short form, `bootstrap(...)`, can now creates a module on the fly,
given `directives`, `pipes, `providers`, `precompile` and `modules`
properties.

Related changes:
- make `SanitizationService`, `SecurityContext` public in `@angular/core` so that the offline compiler can resolve the token
- move `AnimationDriver` to `platform-browser` and make it
  public so that the offline compiler can resolve the token

BREAKING CHANGES:
- short form bootstrap does no longer allow
  to inject compiler internals (i.e. everything 
  from `@angular/compiler). Inject `Compiler` instead.
  To provide custom providers for the compiler,
  create a custom compiler via `browserCompiler({providers: [...]})`
  and pass that into the `bootstrap` method.

modules/@angular/core/testing/animation/mock_animation_driver.ts

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * @license
- * Copyright Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
- *
- * Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license that can be
- * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
- */
-
-import {AnimationDriver} from '../../src/animation/animation_driver';
-import {AnimationKeyframe} from '../../src/animation/animation_keyframe';
-import {AnimationPlayer} from '../../src/animation/animation_player';
-import {AnimationStyles} from '../../src/animation/animation_styles';
-import {StringMapWrapper} from '../../src/facade/collection';
-import {MockAnimationPlayer} from '../../testing/animation/mock_animation_player';
-
-export class MockAnimationDriver extends AnimationDriver {
-  log: any[] /** TODO #9100 */ = [];
-  animate(
-      element: any, startingStyles: AnimationStyles, keyframes: AnimationKeyframe[],
-      duration: number, delay: number, easing: string): AnimationPlayer {
-    var player = new MockAnimationPlayer();
-    this.log.push({
-      'element': element,
-      'startingStyles': _serializeStyles(startingStyles),
-      'keyframes': keyframes,
-      'keyframeLookup': _serializeKeyframes(keyframes),
-      'duration': duration,
-      'delay': delay,
-      'easing': easing,
-      'player': player
-    });
-    return player;
-  }
-}
-
-function _serializeKeyframes(keyframes: AnimationKeyframe[]): any[] {
-  return keyframes.map(keyframe => [keyframe.offset, _serializeStyles(keyframe.styles)]);
-}
-
-function _serializeStyles(styles: AnimationStyles): {[key: string]: any} {
-  var flatStyles = {};
-  styles.styles.forEach(
-      entry => StringMapWrapper.forEach(
-          entry, (val: any /** TODO #9100 */, prop: any /** TODO #9100 */) => {
-            (flatStyles as any /** TODO #9100 */)[prop] = val;
-          }));
-  return flatStyles;
-}

modules/@angular/core/testing/component_fixture.ts

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ export class ComponentFixture<T> {
   /**
    * The instance of the root component class.
    */
-  componentInstance: any;
+  componentInstance: T;
 
   /**
    * The native element at the root of the component.

modules/@angular/core/testing/testing_internal.ts

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import {Math, global, isFunction, isPromise} from '../src/facade/lang';
 import {AsyncTestCompleter} from './async_test_completer';
 import {getTestInjector, inject} from './test_injector';
 
-export {MockAnimationDriver} from './animation/mock_animation_driver';
 export {MockAnimationPlayer} from './animation/mock_animation_player';
 export {AsyncTestCompleter} from './async_test_completer';
 export {inject} from './test_injector';