feat(browser): use AppModules for bootstrap in the browser

This introduces the `BrowserModule` to be used for long form
bootstrap and offline compile bootstrap:

```
@AppModule({
  modules: [BrowserModule],
  precompile: [MainComponent],
  providers: […], // additional providers
  directives: […], // additional platform directives
  pipes: […] // additional platform pipes
})
class MyModule {
  constructor(appRef: ApplicationRef) {
    appRef.bootstrap(MainComponent);
  }
}

// offline compile
import {bootstrapModuleFactory} from ‘@angular/platform-browser’;
bootstrapModuleFactory(MyModuleNgFactory);

// runtime compile long form
import {bootstrapModule} from ‘@angular/platform-browser-dynamic’;
bootstrapModule(MyModule);
```

The short form, `bootstrap(...)`, can now creates a module on the fly,
given `directives`, `pipes, `providers`, `precompile` and `modules`
properties.

Related changes:
- make `SanitizationService`, `SecurityContext` public in `@angular/core` so that the offline compiler can resolve the token
- move `AnimationDriver` to `platform-browser` and make it
  public so that the offline compiler can resolve the token

BREAKING CHANGES:
- short form bootstrap does no longer allow
  to inject compiler internals (i.e. everything 
  from `@angular/compiler). Inject `Compiler` instead.
  To provide custom providers for the compiler,
  create a custom compiler via `browserCompiler({providers: [...]})`
  and pass that into the `bootstrap` method.

modules/@angular/platform-browser/testing/browser.ts

@@ -9,14 +9,15 @@
 import {LocationStrategy} from '@angular/common';
 import {APP_ID, NgZone, PLATFORM_COMMON_PROVIDERS, PLATFORM_INITIALIZER} from '@angular/core';
 
-import {AnimationDriver, NoOpAnimationDriver} from '../core_private';
 import {BROWSER_APP_PROVIDERS} from '../src/browser';
 import {BrowserDomAdapter} from '../src/browser/browser_adapter';
+import {AnimationDriver} from '../src/dom/animation_driver';
 import {ELEMENT_PROBE_PROVIDERS} from '../src/dom/debug/ng_probe';
 
 import {BrowserDetection} from './browser_util';
 
 
+
 /**
  * Default platform providers for testing without a compiler.
  */
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ const TEST_BROWSER_STATIC_PLATFORM_PROVIDERS: Array<any /*Type | Provider | any[
 const ADDITIONAL_TEST_BROWSER_STATIC_PROVIDERS: Array<any /*Type | Provider | any[]*/> = [
   {provide: APP_ID, useValue: 'a'}, ELEMENT_PROBE_PROVIDERS,
   {provide: NgZone, useFactory: createNgZone},
-  {provide: AnimationDriver, useClass: NoOpAnimationDriver}
+  {provide: AnimationDriver, useValue: AnimationDriver.NOOP}
 ];
 
 

modules/@angular/platform-browser/testing/mock_animation_driver.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license that can be
+ * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
+ */
+
+import {AnimationPlayer} from '@angular/core';
+import {MockAnimationPlayer} from '@angular/core/testing/testing_internal';
+
+import {AnimationKeyframe, AnimationStyles} from '../core_private';
+import {AnimationDriver} from '../src/dom/animation_driver';
+import {StringMapWrapper} from '../src/facade/collection';
+
+export class MockAnimationDriver extends AnimationDriver {
+  log: any[] /** TODO #9100 */ = [];
+  animate(
+      element: any, startingStyles: AnimationStyles, keyframes: AnimationKeyframe[],
+      duration: number, delay: number, easing: string): AnimationPlayer {
+    var player = new MockAnimationPlayer();
+    this.log.push({
+      'element': element,
+      'startingStyles': _serializeStyles(startingStyles),
+      'keyframes': keyframes,
+      'keyframeLookup': _serializeKeyframes(keyframes),
+      'duration': duration,
+      'delay': delay,
+      'easing': easing,
+      'player': player
+    });
+    return player;
+  }
+}
+
+function _serializeKeyframes(keyframes: AnimationKeyframe[]): any[] {
+  return keyframes.map(keyframe => [keyframe.offset, _serializeStyles(keyframe.styles)]);
+}
+
+function _serializeStyles(styles: AnimationStyles): {[key: string]: any} {
+  var flatStyles = {};
+  styles.styles.forEach(
+      entry => StringMapWrapper.forEach(
+          entry, (val: any /** TODO #9100 */, prop: any /** TODO #9100 */) => {
+            (flatStyles as any /** TODO #9100 */)[prop] = val;
+          }));
+  return flatStyles;
+}