refactor(core): change module semantics

This contains major changes to the compiler, bootstrap of the platforms
and test environment initialization.

Main part of #10043
Closes #10164

BREAKING CHANGE:
- Semantics and name of `@AppModule` (now `@NgModule`) changed quite a bit.
  This is actually not breaking as `@AppModules` were not part of rc.4.
  We will have detailed docs on `@NgModule` separately.
- `coreLoadAndBootstrap` and `coreBootstrap` can't be used any more (without migration support).
  Use `bootstrapModule` / `bootstrapModuleFactory` instead.
- All Components listed in routes have to be part of the `declarations` of an NgModule.
  Either directly on the bootstrap module / lazy loaded module, or in an NgModule imported by them.

modules/@angular/common/src/forms-deprecated.ts

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  * Forms providers are not included in default providers; you must import these providers
  * explicitly.
  */
-import {AppModule, Type} from '@angular/core';
+import {NgModule, Type} from '@angular/core';
 
 import {FORM_DIRECTIVES} from './forms-deprecated/directives';
 import {RadioControlRegistry} from './forms-deprecated/directives/radio_control_value_accessor';
@@ -61,15 +61,15 @@ export const FORM_PROVIDERS: Type[] = /*@ts2dart_const*/[FormBuilder, RadioContr
 
 
 /**
- * The app module for the deprecated forms API.
+ * The ng module for the deprecated forms API.
  * @deprecated
  */
-@AppModule({
+@NgModule({
   providers: [
     FORM_PROVIDERS,
   ],
-  directives: FORM_DIRECTIVES,
-  pipes: []
+  declarations: FORM_DIRECTIVES,
+  exports: FORM_DIRECTIVES
 })
 export class DeprecatedFormsModule {
 }