refactor(core): change module semantics

This contains major changes to the compiler, bootstrap of the platforms
and test environment initialization.

Main part of #10043
Closes #10164

BREAKING CHANGE:
- Semantics and name of `@AppModule` (now `@NgModule`) changed quite a bit.
  This is actually not breaking as `@AppModules` were not part of rc.4.
  We will have detailed docs on `@NgModule` separately.
- `coreLoadAndBootstrap` and `coreBootstrap` can't be used any more (without migration support).
  Use `bootstrapModule` / `bootstrapModuleFactory` instead.
- All Components listed in routes have to be part of the `declarations` of an NgModule.
  Either directly on the bootstrap module / lazy loaded module, or in an NgModule imported by them.

modules/@angular/compiler/src/config.ts

@@ -20,17 +20,15 @@ export class CompilerConfig {
   private _logBindingUpdate: boolean;
   public useJit: boolean;
   /**
-   * @deprecated Providing platform directives via the {@link CompilerConfig} deprecated. Provide
-   * platform
-   * directives via an {@link AppModule} instead.
+   * @deprecated Providing platform directives via the {@link CompilerConfig} is deprecated. Provide
+   * platform directives via an {@link NgModule} instead.
    */
-  public deprecatedPlatformDirectives: any[];
+  public platformDirectives: any[];
   /**
-   * @deprecated Providing platform pipes via the {@link CompilerConfig} deprecated. Provide
-   * platform pipes
-   * via an {@link AppModule} instead.
+   * @deprecated Providing platform pipes via the {@link CompilerConfig} is deprecated. Provide
+   * platform pipes via an {@link NgModule} instead.
    */
-  public deprecatedPlatformPipes: any[];
+  public platformPipes: any[];
 
   constructor(
       {renderTypes = new DefaultRenderTypes(), defaultEncapsulation = ViewEncapsulation.Emulated,
@@ -49,8 +47,8 @@ export class CompilerConfig {
     this._genDebugInfo = genDebugInfo;
     this._logBindingUpdate = logBindingUpdate;
     this.useJit = useJit;
-    this.deprecatedPlatformDirectives = deprecatedPlatformDirectives;
-    this.deprecatedPlatformPipes = deprecatedPlatformPipes;
+    this.platformDirectives = deprecatedPlatformDirectives;
+    this.platformPipes = deprecatedPlatformPipes;
   }
 
   get genDebugInfo(): boolean {