refactor(core): change module semantics

This contains major changes to the compiler, bootstrap of the platforms
and test environment initialization.

Main part of #10043
Closes #10164

BREAKING CHANGE:
- Semantics and name of `@AppModule` (now `@NgModule`) changed quite a bit.
  This is actually not breaking as `@AppModules` were not part of rc.4.
  We will have detailed docs on `@NgModule` separately.
- `coreLoadAndBootstrap` and `coreBootstrap` can't be used any more (without migration support).
  Use `bootstrapModule` / `bootstrapModuleFactory` instead.
- All Components listed in routes have to be part of the `declarations` of an NgModule.
  Either directly on the bootstrap module / lazy loaded module, or in an NgModule imported by them.

modules/@angular/forms/src/directives.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
  */
 
-import {Type} from '@angular/core';
+import {NgModule, Type} from '@angular/core';
 
 import {CheckboxControlValueAccessor} from './directives/checkbox_value_accessor';
 import {DefaultValueAccessor} from './directives/default_value_accessor';
@@ -83,3 +83,10 @@ export const FORM_DIRECTIVES: Type[][] =
 
 export const REACTIVE_FORM_DIRECTIVES: Type[][] =
     /*@ts2dart_const*/[REACTIVE_DRIVEN_DIRECTIVES, SHARED_FORM_DIRECTIVES];
+
+/**
+ * Internal module used for sharing directives between FormsModule and ReactiveFormsModule
+ */
+@NgModule({declarations: SHARED_FORM_DIRECTIVES, exports: SHARED_FORM_DIRECTIVES})
+export class InternalFormsSharedModule {
+}

modules/@angular/forms/src/form_providers.ts

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
  * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
  */
 
-import {AppModule, PLATFORM_DIRECTIVES, Type} from '@angular/core';
+import {NgModule, PLATFORM_DIRECTIVES, Type} from '@angular/core';
 
-import {FORM_DIRECTIVES, REACTIVE_FORM_DIRECTIVES} from './directives';
+import {FORM_DIRECTIVES, InternalFormsSharedModule, REACTIVE_DRIVEN_DIRECTIVES, REACTIVE_FORM_DIRECTIVES, SHARED_FORM_DIRECTIVES, TEMPLATE_DRIVEN_DIRECTIVES} from './directives';
 import {RadioControlRegistry} from './directives/radio_control_value_accessor';
 import {FormBuilder} from './form_builder';
 
@@ -28,18 +28,26 @@ export const REACTIVE_FORM_PROVIDERS: Type[] =
     /*@ts2dart_const*/[FormBuilder, RadioControlRegistry];
 
 /**
- * The app module for forms.
+ * The ng module for forms.
  * @experimental
  */
-@AppModule({providers: [FORM_PROVIDERS], directives: FORM_DIRECTIVES, pipes: []})
+@NgModule({
+  declarations: TEMPLATE_DRIVEN_DIRECTIVES,
+  providers: [FORM_PROVIDERS],
+  exports: [InternalFormsSharedModule, TEMPLATE_DRIVEN_DIRECTIVES]
+})
 export class FormsModule {
 }
 
 /**
- * The app module for reactive forms.
+ * The ng module for reactive forms.
  * @experimental
  */
-@AppModule({providers: [REACTIVE_FORM_PROVIDERS], directives: REACTIVE_FORM_DIRECTIVES, pipes: []})
+@NgModule({
+  declarations: [REACTIVE_DRIVEN_DIRECTIVES],
+  providers: [REACTIVE_FORM_PROVIDERS],
+  exports: [InternalFormsSharedModule, REACTIVE_DRIVEN_DIRECTIVES]
+})
 export class ReactiveFormsModule {
 }
 
@@ -57,4 +65,4 @@ export function provideForms(): any[] {
   return [
     {provide: PLATFORM_DIRECTIVES, useValue: FORM_DIRECTIVES, multi: true}, REACTIVE_FORM_PROVIDERS
   ];
-}
+}

modules/@angular/forms/test/reactive_integration_spec.ts

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import {PromiseWrapper} from '../src/facade/promise';
 export function main() {
   describe('reactive forms integration tests', () => {
 
-    beforeEach(() => { configureModule({modules: [FormsModule, ReactiveFormsModule]}); });
+    beforeEach(() => { configureModule({imports: [FormsModule, ReactiveFormsModule]}); });
 
     it('should initialize DOM elements with the given form object',
        inject(

modules/@angular/forms/test/template_integration_spec.ts

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import {ListWrapper} from '../src/facade/collection';
 export function main() {
   describe('template-driven forms integration tests', () => {
 
-    beforeEach(() => { configureModule({modules: [FormsModule]}); });
+    beforeEach(() => { configureModule({imports: [FormsModule]}); });
 
     it('should support ngModel for single fields',
        fakeAsync(inject([TestComponentBuilder], (tcb: TestComponentBuilder) => {