refactor(core): change module semantics

This contains major changes to the compiler, bootstrap of the platforms
and test environment initialization.

Main part of #10043
Closes #10164

BREAKING CHANGE:
- Semantics and name of `@AppModule` (now `@NgModule`) changed quite a bit.
  This is actually not breaking as `@AppModules` were not part of rc.4.
  We will have detailed docs on `@NgModule` separately.
- `coreLoadAndBootstrap` and `coreBootstrap` can't be used any more (without migration support).
  Use `bootstrapModule` / `bootstrapModuleFactory` instead.
- All Components listed in routes have to be part of the `declarations` of an NgModule.
  Either directly on the bootstrap module / lazy loaded module, or in an NgModule imported by them.

modules/@angular/platform-server/core_private.ts

@@ -11,3 +11,4 @@ import {__core_private__ as r, __core_private_types__ as t} from '@angular/core'
 export var reflector: typeof t.reflector = r.reflector;
 export var ReflectionCapabilities: typeof t.ReflectionCapabilities = r.ReflectionCapabilities;
 export var wtfInit: typeof t.wtfInit = r.wtfInit;
+export var Console: typeof t.Console = r.Console;