refactor(core): change module semantics

This contains major changes to the compiler, bootstrap of the platforms
and test environment initialization.

Main part of #10043
Closes #10164

BREAKING CHANGE:
- Semantics and name of `@AppModule` (now `@NgModule`) changed quite a bit.
  This is actually not breaking as `@AppModules` were not part of rc.4.
  We will have detailed docs on `@NgModule` separately.
- `coreLoadAndBootstrap` and `coreBootstrap` can't be used any more (without migration support).
  Use `bootstrapModule` / `bootstrapModuleFactory` instead.
- All Components listed in routes have to be part of the `declarations` of an NgModule.
  Either directly on the bootstrap module / lazy loaded module, or in an NgModule imported by them.

modules/@angular/router/src/router_config_loader.ts

@@ -6,13 +6,14 @@
  * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
  */
 
-import {AppModuleFactoryLoader, ComponentFactoryResolver, Injector, OpaqueToken} from '@angular/core';
+import {ComponentFactoryResolver, Injector, NgModuleFactoryLoader, OpaqueToken} from '@angular/core';
 import {Observable} from 'rxjs/Observable';
 import {fromPromise} from 'rxjs/observable/fromPromise';
 
 import {Route} from './config';
 
 
+
 /**
  * @deprecated use Routes
  */
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ export class LoadedRouterConfig {
 }
 
 export class RouterConfigLoader {
-  constructor(private loader: AppModuleFactoryLoader) {}
+  constructor(private loader: NgModuleFactoryLoader) {}
 
   load(parentInjector: Injector, path: string): Observable<LoadedRouterConfig> {
     return fromPromise(this.loader.load(path).then(r => {
@@ -35,4 +36,4 @@ export class RouterConfigLoader {
           ref.injector.get(ROUTES), ref.injector, ref.componentFactoryResolver);
     }));
   }
-}
+}