refactor(core): remove deprecated @Component.directives and @Component.pipes

BREAKING CHANGE: previously deprecated @Component.directives and @Component.pipes support was removed.

All the components and pipes now must be declarated via an NgModule. NgModule is the basic
compilation block passed into the Angular compiler via Compiler#compileModuleSync or #compileModuleAsync.

Because of this change, the Compiler#compileComponentAsync and #compileComponentSync were removed as well -
any code doing compilation should compile module instead using the apis mentioned above.

Lastly, since modules are the basic compilation unit, the ngUpgrade module was modified to always require
an NgModule to be passed into the UpgradeAdapter's constructor - previously this was optional.

modules/@angular/core/src/linker/compiler.ts

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ function _throwError() {
 }
 
 /**
- * Low-level service for running the angular compiler duirng runtime
+ * Low-level service for running the angular compiler during runtime
  * to create {@link ComponentFactory}s, which
  * can later be used to create and render a Component instance.
  *
@@ -55,20 +55,6 @@ function _throwError() {
  * @stable
  */
 export class Compiler {
-  /**
-   * Loads the template and styles of a component and returns the associated `ComponentFactory`.
-   */
-  compileComponentAsync<T>(component: Type<T>, ngModule: Type<any> = null):
-      Promise<ComponentFactory<T>> {
-    throw _throwError();
-  }
-  /**
-   * Compiles the given component. All templates have to be either inline or compiled via
-   * `compileComponentAsync` before. Otherwise throws a {@link ComponentStillLoadingError}.
-   */
-  compileComponentSync<T>(component: Type<T>, ngModule: Type<any> = null): ComponentFactory<T> {
-    throw _throwError();
-  }
   /**
    * Compiles the given NgModule and all of its components. All templates of the components listed
    * in `entryComponents`