fix(ivy): do not always accept undefined for directive inputs (#33066)

Prior to this change, the template type checker would always allow a
value of type `undefined` to be passed into a directive's inputs, even
if the input's type did not allow for it. This was due to how the type
constructor for a directive was generated, where a `Partial` mapped
type was used to allow for inputs to be unset. This essentially
introduces the `undefined` type as acceptable type for all inputs.

This commit removes the `Partial` type from the type constructor, which
means that we can no longer omit any properties that were unset.
Instead, any properties that are not set will still be included in the
type constructor call, having their value assigned to `any`.

Before:

```typescript
class NgForOf<T> {
  static ngTypeCtor<T>(init: Partial<Pick<NgForOf<T>,
    'ngForOf'|'ngForTrackBy'|'ngForTemplate'>>): NgForOf<T>;
}

NgForOf.ngTypeCtor(init: {ngForOf: ['foo', 'bar']});
```

After:

```typescript
class NgForOf<T> {
  static ngTypeCtor<T>(init: Pick<NgForOf<T>,
    'ngForOf'|'ngForTrackBy'|'ngForTemplate'>): NgForOf<T>;
}

NgForOf.ngTypeCtor(init: {
  ngForOf: ['foo', 'bar'],
  ngForTrackBy: null as any,
  ngForTemplate: null as any,
});
```

This change only affects generated type check code, the generated
runtime code is not affected.

Fixes #32690
Resolves FW-1606

PR Close #33066

packages/compiler-cli/test/ngtsc/template_typecheck_spec.ts

@@ -336,12 +336,10 @@ export declare class CommonModule {
 
       const diags = env.driveDiagnostics();
       expect(diags.length).toBe(2);
-      expect(diags[0].messageText)
-          .toBe(`Type 'number' is not assignable to type 'string | undefined'.`);
+      expect(diags[0].messageText).toBe(`Type 'number' is not assignable to type 'string'.`);
       expect(diags[0].start).toEqual(386);
       expect(diags[0].length).toEqual(14);
-      expect(diags[1].messageText)
-          .toBe(`Type 'number' is not assignable to type 'boolean | undefined'.`);
+      expect(diags[1].messageText).toBe(`Type 'number' is not assignable to type 'boolean'.`);
       expect(diags[1].start).toEqual(401);
       expect(diags[1].length).toEqual(15);
     });