feat(ivy): support for template type-checking pipe bindings (#29698)

This commit adds support for template type-checking a pipe binding which
previously was not handled by the type-checking engine. In compatibility
mode, the arguments to transform() are not checked and the type returned
by a pipe is 'any'. In full type-checking mode, the transform() method's
type signature is used to check the pipe usage and infer the return type
of the pipe.

Testing strategy: TCB tests included.

PR Close #29698

packages/compiler-cli/test/ngtsc/fake_core/index.ts

@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ export interface SimpleChanges { [propName: string]: any; }
 
 export type ɵɵNgModuleDefWithMeta<ModuleT, DeclarationsT, ImportsT, ExportsT> = any;
 export type ɵɵDirectiveDefWithMeta<DirT, SelectorT, ExportAsT, InputsT, OutputsT, QueriesT> = any;
+export type ɵɵPipeDefWithMeta<PipeT, NameT> = any;
 
 export enum ViewEncapsulation {
   Emulated = 0,