fix(ivy): set LOCALE_ID when using the injector (#31566)

In `BrowserModule` the value of `LOCALE_ID` is defined in the `APPLICATION_MODULE_PROVIDERS` after `APP_INITIALIZER` has run.
This PR ensures that `LOCALE_ID` is also set for ivy at the same moment which allows the application to fetch the locale from a backend (for example).

Fixes #31465

FW-1436 #resolve

PR Close #31566

packages/core/src/render3/index.ts

@@ -142,7 +142,6 @@ export {
 } from './state';
 
 export {
-  DEFAULT_LOCALE_ID,
   ɵɵi18n,
   ɵɵi18nAttributes,
   ɵɵi18nExp,