feat(pipe): added the Pipe decorator and the pipe property to View

BREAKING CHANGE:
    Instead of configuring pipes via a Pipes object, now you can configure them by providing the pipes property to the View decorator.

    @Pipe({
      name: 'double'
    })
    class DoublePipe {
      transform(value, args) { return value * 2; }
    }

    @View({
      template: '{{ 10 | double}}'
      pipes: [DoublePipe]
    })
    class CustomComponent {}

Closes #3572

modules/angular2/src/core/pipes/pipe_binding.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import {Type} from 'angular2/src/facade/lang';
+import {Key, Dependency, ResolvedBinding, Binding} from 'angular2/di';
+import {Pipe} from 'angular2/src/core/annotations_impl/annotations';
+
+export class PipeBinding extends ResolvedBinding {
+  constructor(public name: string, key: Key, factory: Function, dependencies: Dependency[]) {
+    super(key, factory, dependencies);
+  }
+
+  static createFromType(type: Type, metadata: Pipe): PipeBinding {
+    var binding = new Binding(type, {toClass: type});
+    var rb = binding.resolve();
+    return new PipeBinding(metadata.name, rb.key, rb.factory, rb.dependencies);
+  }
+}

modules/angular2/src/core/pipes/pipes.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import {isBlank, isPresent, BaseException, CONST, Type} from 'angular2/src/facade/lang';
+import {Injectable, OptionalMetadata, SkipSelfMetadata, Binding, Injector, bind} from 'angular2/di';
+import {PipeBinding} from './pipe_binding';
+import * as cd from 'angular2/src/change_detection/pipes';
+
+export class ProtoPipes {
+  /**
+   * Map of {@link Pipe} names to {@link Pipe} implementations.
+   */
+  config: StringMap<string, PipeBinding> = {};
+
+  constructor(bindings: PipeBinding[]) { bindings.forEach(b => this.config[b.name] = b); }
+
+  get(name: string): PipeBinding {
+    var binding = this.config[name];
+    if (isBlank(binding)) throw new BaseException(`Cannot find pipe '${name}'.`);
+    return binding;
+  }
+}
+
+export class Pipes implements cd.Pipes {
+  constructor(public proto: ProtoPipes, public injector: Injector) {}
+
+  get(name: string): any {
+    var b = this.proto.get(name);
+    return this.injector.instantiateResolved(b);
+  }
+}