feat(pipe): added the Pipe decorator and the pipe property to View

BREAKING CHANGE:
    Instead of configuring pipes via a Pipes object, now you can configure them by providing the pipes property to the View decorator.

    @Pipe({
      name: 'double'
    })
    class DoublePipe {
      transform(value, args) { return value * 2; }
    }

    @View({
      template: '{{ 10 | double}}'
      pipes: [DoublePipe]
    })
    class CustomComponent {}

Closes #3572

modules/angular2/src/transform/template_compiler/change_detector_codegen.dart

@@ -269,12 +269,11 @@ class _CodegenState {
     var newValue = _names.getLocalName(r.selfIndex);
 
     var pipe = _names.getPipeName(r.selfIndex);
-    var cdRef = 'this.ref';
     var pipeType = r.name;
 
     var read = '''
       if ($_IDENTICAL_CHECK_FN($pipe, $_UTIL.uninitialized)) {
-        $pipe = ${_names.getPipesAccessorName()}.get('$pipeType', $cdRef);
+        $pipe = ${_names.getPipesAccessorName()}.get('$pipeType');
       }
       $newValue = $pipe.transform($context, [$argString]);
     ''';