refactor(ivy): avoid circular dep with query/di/instructions (#21430)

To prepare for pending ngForOf work, the dep from instructions -> query
should be broken. This will enable a dep from di -> instructions while
avoiding a di -> instructions -> query -> di cycle.

Analyzing this cycle also uncovered another problem: the implementation
of query() breaks tree-shaking through a hard dependency on DI concepts
of TemplateRef, ElementRef, ViewContainerRef. This is fundamentally due
to how query() can query for those values without any configuration.

Instead, this fix introduces the concept by employing the strategy
pattern, and redefining QueryReadType to pass a function which will
return one of the above values. This strategy is then used for 'read'
instead of an enum in cases where special values should be read from
the DI system.

PR Close #21430

packages/core/src/render3/interfaces/query.ts

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 import {QueryList} from '../../linker';
 import {Type} from '../../type';
 
+import {LInjector} from './injector';
 import {LContainerNode, LNode, LViewNode} from './node';
 
 
@@ -48,15 +49,10 @@ export interface LQuery {
    */
   track<T>(
       queryList: QueryList<T>, predicate: Type<any>|string[], descend?: boolean,
-      read?: QueryReadType|Type<T>): void;
+      read?: QueryReadType<T>|Type<T>): void;
 }
 
-/** An enum representing possible values of the "read" option for queries. */
-export const enum QueryReadType {
-  ElementRef = 0,
-  ViewContainerRef = 1,
-  TemplateRef = 2,
-}
+export class QueryReadType<T> { private defeatStructuralTyping: any; }
 
 // Note: This hack is necessary so we don't erroneously get a circular dependency
 // failure based on types.