feat(core): allow to add precompiled tokens via a provider

Introduces the new `ANALYZE_FOR_PRECOMPILE` token. This token can be used to
create a virtual provider that will populate the `precompile` fields of
components and app modules based on its
`useValue`. All components that are referenced in the `useValue`
value (either directly or in a nested array or map) will be added
to the `precompile` property.

closes #9874
related to #9726

modules/@angular/compiler-cli/integrationtest/src/module_fixtures.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  */
 
 import {LowerCasePipe, NgIf} from '@angular/common';
-import {AppModule, Component, ComponentFactoryResolver, Injectable} from '@angular/core';
+import {ANALYZE_FOR_PRECOMPILE, AppModule, Component, ComponentFactoryResolver, Inject, Injectable, OpaqueToken} from '@angular/core';
 import {BrowserModule} from '@angular/platform-browser';
 
 @Injectable()
@@ -53,3 +53,17 @@ export class SomeModule {
 })
 export class SomeModuleUsingParentComp {
 }
+
+export const SOME_TOKEN = new OpaqueToken('someToken');
+
+export function provideValueWithPrecompile(value: any) {
+  return [
+    {provide: SOME_TOKEN, useValue: value},
+    {provide: ANALYZE_FOR_PRECOMPILE, useValue: value, multi: true},
+  ];
+}
+
+@AppModule({providers: [provideValueWithPrecompile([{a: 'b', component: SomeComp}])]})
+export class SomeModuleWithAnalyzePrecompileProvider {
+  constructor(@Inject(SOME_TOKEN) public providedValue: any) {}
+}