feat(compiler-cli): Add compiler option to report errors when assigning to restricted input fields (#38249)

The compiler does not currently report errors when there's an `@Input()`
for a `private`, `protected`, or `readonly` directive/component class member.
This change adds an option to enable reporting errors when a template
attempts to bind to one of these restricted input fields.

PR Close #38249

goldens/public-api/compiler-cli/compiler_options.d.ts

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ export interface StrictTemplateOptions {
     strictContextGenerics?: boolean;
     strictDomEventTypes?: boolean;
     strictDomLocalRefTypes?: boolean;
+    strictInputAccessModifiers?: boolean;
     strictInputTypes?: boolean;
     strictLiteralTypes?: boolean;
     strictNullInputTypes?: boolean;