refactor(ivy): Add style reconciliation algorithm (#34004)

This change introduces class/style reconciliation algorithm for DOM elements.
NOTE: The code is not yet hooked up, it will be used by future style algorithm.

Background:
Styling algorithm currently has [two paths](https://hackmd.io/@5zDGNGArSxiHhgvxRGrg-g/rycZk3N5S)
when computing how the style should be rendered.
1. A direct path which concatenates styling and uses `elemnent.className`/`element.style.cssText` and
2. A merge path which uses internal data structures and uses `element.classList.add/remove`/`element.style[property]`.

The situation is confusing and hard to follow/maintain. So a future PR will remove the merge-path and do everything with
direct-path. This however breaks when some other code adds class or style to the element without Angular's knowledge.
If this happens instead of switching from direct-path to merge-path algorithm, this change provides a different mental model
whereby we always do `direct-path` but the code which writes to the DOM detects the situation and reconciles the out of bound write.

The reconciliation process is as follows:
1. Detect that no one has modified `className`/`cssText` and if so just write directly (fast path).
2. If out of bounds write did occur, switch from writing using `className`/`cssText` to `element.classList.add/remove`/`element.style[property]`.
   This does require that the write function computes the difference between the previous Angular expected state and current Angular state.
   (This requires a parser. The advantage of having a parser is that we can support `style="width: {{exp}}px" kind of bindings.`)
   Compute the diff and apply it in non destructive way using `element.classList.add/remove`/`element.style[property]`

Properties of approach:
- If no out of bounds style modification:
  - Very fast code path: Just concatenate string in right order and write them to DOM.
  - Class list order is preserved
- If out of bounds style modification detected:
  - Penalty for parsing
  - Switch to non destructive modification: `element.classList.add/remove`/`element.style[property]`
  - Switch to alphabetical way of setting classes.

PR Close #34004

packages/compiler/src/render3/view/style_parser.ts

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ export function parse(value: string): string[] {
   // we use a string array here instead of a string map
   // because a string-map is not guaranteed to retain the
   // order of the entries whereas a string array can be
-  // construted in a [key, value, key, value] format.
+  // constructed in a [key, value, key, value] format.
   const styles: string[] = [];
 
   let i = 0;