fix(compiler-cli): Use typescript to resolve modules for metadata (#22856)

The current module resolution simply attaches .ts to the import/export path, which does
not work if the path is using Node / CommonJS behavior to resolve to an index.ts file.
This patch uses typescript's module resolution logic, and will attempt to load the original
typescript file if this resolution returns a .js or .d.ts file

PR Close #22856

packages/compiler-cli/test/mocks.ts

@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ export class MockAotContext {
 
   fileExists(fileName: string): boolean { return typeof this.getEntry(fileName) === 'string'; }
 
-  directoryExists(path: string): boolean { return typeof this.getEntry(path) === 'object'; }
+  directoryExists(path: string): boolean {
+    return path === this.currentDirectory || typeof this.getEntry(path) === 'object';
+  }
 
   readFile(fileName: string): string {
     const data = this.getEntry(fileName);