fix(ivy): ensure static styling is properly inherited into child components (#29015)

Angular supports having a component extend off of a parent component.
When this happens, all annotation-level data is inherited including styles
and classes. Up until now, Ivy only paid attention to static styling
values on the parent component and not the child component. This patch
ensures that both the parent's component and child component's styling
data is merged and rendered accordingly.

Jira Issue: FW-1081

PR Close #29015

packages/core/src/render3/interfaces/styling.ts

@@ -323,9 +323,9 @@ export interface StylingContext extends
  *
  * See [InitialStylingValuesIndex] for a breakdown of how all this works.
  */
-export interface InitialStylingValues extends Array<string|boolean|null> {
+export interface InitialStylingValues extends Array<string|boolean|number|null> {
   [InitialStylingValuesIndex.DefaultNullValuePosition]: null;
-  [InitialStylingValuesIndex.InitialClassesStringPosition]: string|null;
+  [InitialStylingValuesIndex.CachedStringValuePosition]: string|null;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -432,12 +432,48 @@ export interface InitialStylingValues extends Array<string|boolean|null> {
  * ```
  */
 export const enum InitialStylingValuesIndex {
+  /**
+   * The first value is always `null` so that `styles[0] == null` for unassigned values
+   */
   DefaultNullValuePosition = 0,
-  InitialClassesStringPosition = 1,
+
+  /**
+   * Used for non-styling code to examine what the style or className string is:
+   * styles: ['width', '100px', 0, 'opacity', null, 0, 'height', '200px', 0]
+   *    => initialStyles[CachedStringValuePosition] = 'width:100px;height:200px';
+   * classes: ['foo', true, 0, 'bar', false, 0, 'baz', true, 0]
+   *    => initialClasses[CachedStringValuePosition] = 'foo bar';
+   *
+   * Note that this value is `null` by default and it will only be populated
+   * once `getInitialStyleStringValue` or `getInitialClassNameValue` is executed.
+   */
+  CachedStringValuePosition = 1,
+
+  /**
+   * Where the style or class values start in the tuple
+   */
   KeyValueStartPosition = 2,
+
+  /**
+   * The offset value (index + offset) for the property value for each style/class entry
+   */
   PropOffset = 0,
+
+  /**
+   * The offset value (index + offset) for the style/class value for each style/class entry
+   */
   ValueOffset = 1,
-  Size = 2
+
+  /**
+   * The offset value (index + offset) for the style/class directive owner for each style/class
+     entry
+   */
+  DirectiveOwnerOffset = 2,
+
+  /**
+   * The total size for each style/class entry (prop + value + directiveOwner)
+   */
+  Size = 3
 }
 
 /**