perf(ivy): ngcc - add a cache to the FileSystem (#30525)

When profiling ngcc it is notable that a large amount of time
is spent dealing with an exception that is thrown (and handled
internally by fs) when checking the existence of a file.

We check file existence a lot in both finding entry-points
and when TS is compiling code. This commit adds a simple
cached `FileSystem`, which wraps a real `FileSystem` delegate.
This will reduce the number of calls through to `fs.exists()` and
`fs.readFile()` on the delegate.

Initial benchmarks indicate that the cache is miss to hit ratio
for `exists()` is about 2:1, which means that we save about 1/3
of the calls to `fs.existsSync()`.

Note that this implements a "non-expiring" cache, so it is not suitable
for a long lived `FileSystem`, where files may be modified externally.
The cache will be updated if a file is changed or moved via
calls to `FileSystem` methods but it will not be aware of changes
to the files system from outside the `FileSystem` service.

For ngcc we must create a new `FileSystem` service
for each run of `mainNgcc` and ensure that all file operations
(including TS compilation) use the `FileSystem` service.
This ensures that it is very unlikely that a file will change
externally during `mainNgcc` processing.

PR Close #30525

packages/compiler-cli/src/ngtsc/file_system/index.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
  * Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license that can be
  * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
  */
+export {CachedFileSystem} from './src/cached_file_system';
 export {NgtscCompilerHost} from './src/compiler_host';
 export {absoluteFrom, absoluteFromSourceFile, basename, dirname, getFileSystem, isRoot, join, relative, relativeFrom, resolve, setFileSystem} from './src/helpers';
 export {LogicalFileSystem, LogicalProjectPath} from './src/logical';