fix(ivy): ensure that the correct document is available (#33712)

Most of the use of `document` in the framework is within
the DI so they just inject the `DOCUMENT` token and are done.

Ivy is special because it does not rely upon the DI and must
get hold of the document some other way. There are a limited
number of places relevant to ivy that currently consume a global
document object.

The solution is modelled on the `LOCALE_ID` approach, which has
`getLocaleId()` and `setLocaleId()` top-level functions for ivy (see
`core/src/render3/i18n.ts`).  In the rest of Angular (i.e. using DI) the
`LOCALE_ID` token has a provider that also calls setLocaleId() to
ensure that ivy has the same value.

This commit defines `getDocument()` and `setDocument() `top-level
functions for ivy. Wherever ivy needs the global `document`, it calls
`getDocument()` instead.  Each of the platforms (e.g. Browser, Server,
WebWorker) have providers for `DOCUMENT`. In each of those providers
they also call `setDocument()` accordingly.

Fixes #33651

PR Close #33712

packages/core/src/render3/interfaces/renderer.ts

@@ -8,15 +8,15 @@
 
 /**
  * The goal here is to make sure that the browser DOM API is the Renderer.
- * We do this by defining a subset of DOM API to be the renderer and than
- * use that time for rendering.
+ * We do this by defining a subset of DOM API to be the renderer and then
+ * use that at runtime for rendering.
  *
  * At runtime we can then use the DOM api directly, in server or web-worker
  * it will be easy to implement such API.
  */
 
 import {RendererStyleFlags2, RendererType2} from '../../render/api';
-
+import {getDocument} from './document';
 
 // TODO: cleanup once the code is merged in angular/angular
 export enum RendererStyleFlags3 {
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ export interface RendererFactory3 {
 
 export const domRendererFactory3: RendererFactory3 = {
   createRenderer: (hostElement: RElement | null, rendererType: RendererType2 | null):
-                      Renderer3 => { return document;}
+                      Renderer3 => { return getDocument();}
 };
 
 /** Subset of API needed for appending elements and text nodes. */