refactor(core): rename ngInjectableDef to ɵprov (#33151)

Injectable defs are not considered public API, so the property
that contains them should be prefixed with Angular's marker
for "private" ('ɵ') to discourage apps from relying on def
APIs directly.

This commit adds the prefix and shortens the name from
ngInjectableDef to "prov" (for "provider", since injector defs
are known as "inj"). This is because property names cannot
be minified by Uglify without turning on property mangling
(which most apps have turned off) and are thus size-sensitive.

PR Close #33151

packages/compiler-cli/src/transformers/nocollapse_hack.ts

@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@
  * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
  */
 
-// Closure compiler transforms the form `Service.ngInjectableDef = X` into
-// `Service$ngInjectableDef = X`. To prevent this transformation, such assignments need to be
+// Closure compiler transforms the form `Service.ɵprov = X` into
+// `Service$ɵprov = X`. To prevent this transformation, such assignments need to be
 // annotated with @nocollapse. Unfortunately, a bug in Typescript where comments aren't propagated
 // through the TS transformations precludes adding the comment via the AST. This workaround detects
-// the static assignments to R3 properties such as ngInjectableDef using a regex, as output files
+// the static assignments to R3 properties such as ɵprov using a regex, as output files
 // are written, and applies the annotation through regex replacement.
 //
 // TODO(alxhub): clean up once fix for TS transformers lands in upstream
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ const R3_DEF_NAME_PATTERN = [
   'ngBaseDef',
   'ɵcmp',
   'ɵdir',
-  'ngInjectableDef',
+  'ɵprov',
   'ɵinj',
   'ɵmod',
   'ɵpipe',