feat(compiler): support unary operators for more accurate type checking (#37918)

Prior to this change, the unary + and - operators would be parsed as `x - 0`
and `0 - x` respectively. The runtime semantics of these expressions are
equivalent, however they may introduce inaccurate template type checking
errors as the literal type is lost, for example:

```ts
@Component({
  template: `<button [disabled]="isAdjacent(-1)"></button>`
})
export class Example {
  isAdjacent(direction: -1 | 1): boolean { return false; }
}
```

would incorrectly report a type-check error:

> error TS2345: Argument of type 'number' is not assignable to parameter
  of type '-1 | 1'.

Additionally, the translated expression for the unary + operator would be
considered as arithmetic expression with an incompatible left-hand side:

> error TS2362: The left-hand side of an arithmetic operation must be of
  type 'any', 'number', 'bigint' or an enum type.

To resolve this issues, the implicit transformation should be avoided.
This commit adds a new unary AST node to represent these expressions,
allowing for more accurate type-checking.

Fixes #20845
Fixes #36178

PR Close #37918

packages/compiler/test/expression_parser/parser_spec.ts

@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ describe('parser', () => {
       checkAction('undefined');
     });
 
-    it('should parse unary - expressions', () => {
-      checkAction('-1', '0 - 1');
-      checkAction('+1', '1 - 0');
-      checkAction(`-'1'`, `0 - "1"`);
-      checkAction(`+'1'`, `"1" - 0`);
+    it('should parse unary - and + expressions', () => {
+      checkAction('-1', '-1');
+      checkAction('+1', '+1');
+      checkAction(`-'1'`, `-"1"`);
+      checkAction(`+'1'`, `+"1"`);
     });
 
     it('should parse unary ! expressions', () => {