feat(testing): add implicit test module

Every test now has an implicit module. It can be configured via `configureModule` (from @angular/core/testing)
to add providers, directives, pipes, ...

The compiler now has to be configured separately via `configureCompiler` (from @angular/core/testing)
to add providers or define whether to use jit.

BREAKING CHANGE:
- Application providers can no longer inject compiler internals (i.e. everything
  from `@angular/compiler). Inject `Compiler` instead. This reflects the
  changes to `bootstrap` for module support (3f55aa609f).
- Compiler providers can no longer be added via `addProviders` / `withProviders`.
  Use the new method `configureCompiler` instead.
- Platform directives / pipes need to be provided via
  `configureModule` and can no longer be provided via the
  `PLATFORM_PIPES` / `PLATFORM_DIRECTIVES` tokens.
- `setBaseTestProviders()` was renamed into `initTestEnvironment` and 
  now takes a `PlatformRef` and a factory for a
  `Compiler`.
- E.g. for the browser platform:
  
  BEFORE:
  ```
  import {setBaseTestProviders} from ‘@angular/core/testing’;
  import {TEST_BROWSER_DYNAMIC_PLATFORM_PROVIDERS,
      TEST_BROWSER_DYNAMIC_APPLICATION_PROVIDERS} from ‘@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/testing’;
  
  setBaseTestProviders(TEST_BROWSER_DYNAMIC_PLATFORM_PROVIDERS,
      TEST_BROWSER_DYNAMIC_APPLICATION_PROVIDERS);   
  ```

  AFTER:
  ```
  import {setBaseTestProviders} from ‘@angular/core/testing’;
  import {browserTestCompiler, browserDynamicTestPlatform,
      BrowserDynamicTestModule} from ‘@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/testing’;
  
  initTestEnvironment(
      browserTestCompiler,
      browserDynamicTestPlatform(),
      BrowserDynamicTestModule);

  ```
- E.g. for the server platform:
  
  BEFORE:
  ```
  import {setBaseTestProviders} from ‘@angular/core/testing’;
  import {TEST_SERVER_PLATFORM_PROVIDERS,
      TEST_SERVER_APPLICATION_PROVIDERS} from ‘@angular/platform-server/testing/server’;
  
  setBaseTestProviders(TEST_SERVER_PLATFORM_PROVIDERS,
      TEST_SERVER_APPLICATION_PROVIDERS);   
  ```

  AFTER:
  ```
  import {setBaseTestProviders} from ‘@angular/core/testing’;
  import {serverTestCompiler, serverTestPlatform,
      ServerTestModule} from ‘@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/testing’;
  
  initTestEnvironment(
      serverTestCompiler,
      serverTestPlatform(),
      ServerTestModule);

  ```

Related to #9726
Closes #9846

modules/@angular/compiler/test/template_parser_spec.ts

@@ -14,13 +14,14 @@ import {TEMPLATE_TRANSFORMS, TemplateParser, splitClasses} from '@angular/compil
 import {MockSchemaRegistry} from '@angular/compiler/testing';
 import {SecurityContext} from '@angular/core';
 import {Console} from '@angular/core/src/console';
+import {configureCompiler} from '@angular/core/testing';
 import {afterEach, beforeEach, beforeEachProviders, ddescribe, describe, expect, iit, inject, it, xit} from '@angular/core/testing/testing_internal';
 
 import {Identifiers, identifierToken} from '../src/identifiers';
 import {DEFAULT_INTERPOLATION_CONFIG, InterpolationConfig} from '../src/interpolation_config';
 
 import {unparse} from './expression_parser/unparser';
-import {TEST_PROVIDERS} from './test_bindings';
+import {TEST_COMPILER_PROVIDERS} from './test_bindings';
 
 var someModuleUrl = 'package:someModule';
 
@@ -39,9 +40,9 @@ export function main() {
   var console: ArrayConsole;
 
   function commonBeforeEach() {
-    beforeEachProviders(() => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
       console = new ArrayConsole();
-      return [{provide: Console, useValue: console}];
+      configureCompiler({providers: [{provide: Console, useValue: console}]});
     });
     beforeEach(inject([TemplateParser], (parser: TemplateParser) => {
       var component = CompileDirectiveMetadata.create({
@@ -67,10 +68,14 @@ export function main() {
   }
 
   describe('TemplateParser template transform', () => {
-    beforeEachProviders(() => [TEST_PROVIDERS, MOCK_SCHEMA_REGISTRY]);
+    beforeEach(() => { configureCompiler({providers: TEST_COMPILER_PROVIDERS}); });
 
-    beforeEachProviders(
-        () => [{provide: TEMPLATE_TRANSFORMS, useValue: new FooAstTransformer(), multi: true}]);
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      configureCompiler({
+        providers:
+            [{provide: TEMPLATE_TRANSFORMS, useValue: new FooAstTransformer(), multi: true}]
+      });
+    });
 
     describe('single', () => {
       commonBeforeEach();
@@ -80,8 +85,12 @@ export function main() {
     });
 
     describe('multiple', () => {
-      beforeEachProviders(
-          () => [{provide: TEMPLATE_TRANSFORMS, useValue: new BarAstTransformer(), multi: true}]);
+      beforeEach(() => {
+        configureCompiler({
+          providers:
+              [{provide: TEMPLATE_TRANSFORMS, useValue: new BarAstTransformer(), multi: true}]
+        });
+      });
 
       commonBeforeEach();
       it('should compose transformers', () => {
@@ -93,9 +102,14 @@ export function main() {
   describe('TemplateParser Security', () => {
     // Semi-integration test to make sure TemplateParser properly sets the security context.
     // Uses the actual DomElementSchemaRegistry.
-    beforeEachProviders(
-        () =>
-            [TEST_PROVIDERS, {provide: ElementSchemaRegistry, useClass: DomElementSchemaRegistry}]);
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      configureCompiler({
+        providers: [
+          TEST_COMPILER_PROVIDERS,
+          {provide: ElementSchemaRegistry, useClass: DomElementSchemaRegistry}
+        ]
+      });
+    });
 
     commonBeforeEach();
 
@@ -125,7 +139,9 @@ export function main() {
   });
 
   describe('TemplateParser', () => {
-    beforeEachProviders(() => [TEST_PROVIDERS, MOCK_SCHEMA_REGISTRY]);
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      configureCompiler({providers: [TEST_COMPILER_PROVIDERS, MOCK_SCHEMA_REGISTRY]});
+    });
 
     commonBeforeEach();