feat(testing): add implicit test module

Every test now has an implicit module. It can be configured via `configureModule` (from @angular/core/testing)
to add providers, directives, pipes, ...

The compiler now has to be configured separately via `configureCompiler` (from @angular/core/testing)
to add providers or define whether to use jit.

BREAKING CHANGE:
- Application providers can no longer inject compiler internals (i.e. everything
  from `@angular/compiler). Inject `Compiler` instead. This reflects the
  changes to `bootstrap` for module support (3f55aa609f).
- Compiler providers can no longer be added via `addProviders` / `withProviders`.
  Use the new method `configureCompiler` instead.
- Platform directives / pipes need to be provided via
  `configureModule` and can no longer be provided via the
  `PLATFORM_PIPES` / `PLATFORM_DIRECTIVES` tokens.
- `setBaseTestProviders()` was renamed into `initTestEnvironment` and 
  now takes a `PlatformRef` and a factory for a
  `Compiler`.
- E.g. for the browser platform:
  
  BEFORE:
  ```
  import {setBaseTestProviders} from ‘@angular/core/testing’;
  import {TEST_BROWSER_DYNAMIC_PLATFORM_PROVIDERS,
      TEST_BROWSER_DYNAMIC_APPLICATION_PROVIDERS} from ‘@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/testing’;
  
  setBaseTestProviders(TEST_BROWSER_DYNAMIC_PLATFORM_PROVIDERS,
      TEST_BROWSER_DYNAMIC_APPLICATION_PROVIDERS);   
  ```

  AFTER:
  ```
  import {setBaseTestProviders} from ‘@angular/core/testing’;
  import {browserTestCompiler, browserDynamicTestPlatform,
      BrowserDynamicTestModule} from ‘@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/testing’;
  
  initTestEnvironment(
      browserTestCompiler,
      browserDynamicTestPlatform(),
      BrowserDynamicTestModule);

  ```
- E.g. for the server platform:
  
  BEFORE:
  ```
  import {setBaseTestProviders} from ‘@angular/core/testing’;
  import {TEST_SERVER_PLATFORM_PROVIDERS,
      TEST_SERVER_APPLICATION_PROVIDERS} from ‘@angular/platform-server/testing/server’;
  
  setBaseTestProviders(TEST_SERVER_PLATFORM_PROVIDERS,
      TEST_SERVER_APPLICATION_PROVIDERS);   
  ```

  AFTER:
  ```
  import {setBaseTestProviders} from ‘@angular/core/testing’;
  import {serverTestCompiler, serverTestPlatform,
      ServerTestModule} from ‘@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/testing’;
  
  initTestEnvironment(
      serverTestCompiler,
      serverTestPlatform(),
      ServerTestModule);

  ```

Related to #9726
Closes #9846

modules/@angular/compiler/testing/test_component_builder.ts

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
  * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
  */
 
-import {AnimationEntryMetadata, Compiler, ComponentFactory, Injectable, Injector, NgZone, ViewMetadata} from '@angular/core';
-import {ComponentFixture, ComponentFixtureNoNgZone, TestComponentBuilder} from '@angular/core/testing';
+import {AnimationEntryMetadata, Compiler, ComponentFactory, Inject, Injectable, Injector, NgZone, ViewMetadata} from '@angular/core';
+import {ComponentFixture, ComponentFixtureNoNgZone, TestComponentBuilder, TestInjector} from '@angular/core/testing';
 
 import {DirectiveResolver, ViewResolver} from '../index';
 import {MapWrapper} from '../src/facade/collection';
@@ -54,9 +54,7 @@ export class OverridingTestComponentBuilder extends TestComponentBuilder {
   /** @internal */
   _viewOverrides = new Map<Type, ViewMetadata>();
 
-
-
-  constructor(injector: Injector) { super(injector); }
+  constructor(@Inject(TestInjector) injector: Injector) { super(injector); }
 
   /** @internal */
   _clone(): OverridingTestComponentBuilder {