feat(testing): add implicit test module

Every test now has an implicit module. It can be configured via `configureModule` (from @angular/core/testing)
to add providers, directives, pipes, ...

The compiler now has to be configured separately via `configureCompiler` (from @angular/core/testing)
to add providers or define whether to use jit.

BREAKING CHANGE:
- Application providers can no longer inject compiler internals (i.e. everything
  from `@angular/compiler). Inject `Compiler` instead. This reflects the
  changes to `bootstrap` for module support (3f55aa609f).
- Compiler providers can no longer be added via `addProviders` / `withProviders`.
  Use the new method `configureCompiler` instead.
- Platform directives / pipes need to be provided via
  `configureModule` and can no longer be provided via the
  `PLATFORM_PIPES` / `PLATFORM_DIRECTIVES` tokens.
- `setBaseTestProviders()` was renamed into `initTestEnvironment` and 
  now takes a `PlatformRef` and a factory for a
  `Compiler`.
- E.g. for the browser platform:
  
  BEFORE:
  ```
  import {setBaseTestProviders} from ‘@angular/core/testing’;
  import {TEST_BROWSER_DYNAMIC_PLATFORM_PROVIDERS,
      TEST_BROWSER_DYNAMIC_APPLICATION_PROVIDERS} from ‘@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/testing’;
  
  setBaseTestProviders(TEST_BROWSER_DYNAMIC_PLATFORM_PROVIDERS,
      TEST_BROWSER_DYNAMIC_APPLICATION_PROVIDERS);   
  ```

  AFTER:
  ```
  import {setBaseTestProviders} from ‘@angular/core/testing’;
  import {browserTestCompiler, browserDynamicTestPlatform,
      BrowserDynamicTestModule} from ‘@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/testing’;
  
  initTestEnvironment(
      browserTestCompiler,
      browserDynamicTestPlatform(),
      BrowserDynamicTestModule);

  ```
- E.g. for the server platform:
  
  BEFORE:
  ```
  import {setBaseTestProviders} from ‘@angular/core/testing’;
  import {TEST_SERVER_PLATFORM_PROVIDERS,
      TEST_SERVER_APPLICATION_PROVIDERS} from ‘@angular/platform-server/testing/server’;
  
  setBaseTestProviders(TEST_SERVER_PLATFORM_PROVIDERS,
      TEST_SERVER_APPLICATION_PROVIDERS);   
  ```

  AFTER:
  ```
  import {setBaseTestProviders} from ‘@angular/core/testing’;
  import {serverTestCompiler, serverTestPlatform,
      ServerTestModule} from ‘@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/testing’;
  
  initTestEnvironment(
      serverTestCompiler,
      serverTestPlatform(),
      ServerTestModule);

  ```

Related to #9726
Closes #9846

tools/public_api_guard/core/index.d.ts

@@ -290,6 +290,7 @@ export declare class CollectionChangeRecord {
 
 /** @stable */
 export declare class Compiler {
+    injector: Injector;
     clearCache(): void;
     clearCacheFor(type: Type): void;
     compileAppModuleAsync<T>(moduleType: ConcreteType<T>, metadata?: AppModuleMetadata): Promise<AppModuleFactory<T>>;
@@ -451,6 +452,12 @@ export declare abstract class ComponentResolver {
     abstract resolveComponent(component: Type | string): Promise<ComponentFactory<any>>;
 }
 
+/** @stable */
+export declare class ComponentStillLoadingError extends BaseException {
+    compType: Type;
+    constructor(compType: Type);
+}
+
 /** @stable */
 export declare var ContentChild: ContentChildMetadataFactory;
 

tools/public_api_guard/core/testing.d.ts

@@ -37,6 +37,21 @@ export declare var ComponentFixtureAutoDetect: OpaqueToken;
 /** @experimental */
 export declare var ComponentFixtureNoNgZone: OpaqueToken;
 
+/** @stable */
+export declare function configureCompiler(config: {
+    providers?: any[];
+    useJit?: boolean;
+}): void;
+
+/** @stable */
+export declare function configureModule(moduleDef: {
+    providers?: any[];
+    directives?: any[];
+    pipes?: any[];
+    precompile?: any[];
+    modules?: any[];
+}): void;
+
 /** @deprecated */
 export declare var ddescribe: any;
 
@@ -67,12 +82,21 @@ export declare function getTestInjector(): TestInjector;
 /** @deprecated */
 export declare var iit: any;
 
+/** @experimental */
+export declare function initTestEnvironment(compilerFactory: TestCompilerFactory, platform: PlatformRef, appModule: Type): void;
+
 /** @stable */
 export declare function inject(tokens: any[], fn: Function): () => any;
 
 /** @experimental */
 export declare class InjectSetupWrapper {
-    constructor(_providers: () => any);
+    constructor(_moduleDef: () => {
+        providers?: any[];
+        directives?: any[];
+        pipes?: any[];
+        precompile?: any[];
+        modules?: any[];
+    });
     inject(tokens: any[], fn: Function): () => any;
 }
 
@@ -80,10 +104,13 @@ export declare class InjectSetupWrapper {
 export declare var it: any;
 
 /** @experimental */
-export declare function resetBaseTestProviders(): void;
+export declare function resetTestEnvironment(): void;
 
 /** @experimental */
-export declare function setBaseTestProviders(platformProviders: Array<Type | Provider | any[]>, applicationProviders: Array<Type | Provider | any[]>): void;
+export declare type TestCompilerFactory = (config: {
+    providers?: Array<Type | Provider | any[]>;
+    useJit?: boolean;
+}) => Compiler;
 
 /** @stable */
 export declare class TestComponentBuilder {
@@ -107,19 +134,40 @@ export declare class TestComponentRenderer {
 }
 
 /** @experimental */
-export declare class TestInjector {
-    applicationProviders: Array<Type | Provider | any[] | any>;
-    platformProviders: Array<Type | Provider | any[] | any>;
-    addProviders(providers: Array<Type | Provider | any[] | any>): void;
-    createInjector(): ReflectiveInjector;
+export declare class TestInjector implements Injector {
+    appModule: Type;
+    compilerFactory: TestCompilerFactory;
+    platform: PlatformRef;
+    configureCompiler(config: {
+        providers?: any[];
+        useJit?: boolean;
+    }): void;
+    configureModule(moduleDef: {
+        providers?: any[];
+        directives?: any[];
+        pipes?: any[];
+        precompile?: any[];
+        modules?: any[];
+    }): void;
+    createInjectorAsync(): Promise<Injector>;
+    createInjectorSync(): Injector;
     execute(tokens: any[], fn: Function): any;
-    get(token: any): any;
+    get(token: any, notFoundValue?: any): any;
     reset(): void;
 }
 
 /** @experimental */
 export declare function tick(millis?: number): void;
 
+/** @experimental */
+export declare function withModule(moduleDef: () => {
+    providers?: any[];
+    directives?: any[];
+    pipes?: any[];
+    precompile?: any[];
+    modules?: any[];
+}): InjectSetupWrapper;
+
 /** @experimental */
 export declare function withProviders(providers: () => any): InjectSetupWrapper;
 

tools/public_api_guard/platform-browser-dynamic/testing.d.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 /** @stable */
-export declare const TEST_BROWSER_DYNAMIC_APPLICATION_PROVIDERS: Array<any>;
+export declare class BrowserDynamicTestModule {
+}
+
+/** @experimental */
+export declare const browserDynamicTestPlatform: typeof browserTestPlatform;
 
 /** @stable */
-export declare const TEST_BROWSER_DYNAMIC_PLATFORM_PROVIDERS: Array<any>;
+export declare function browserTestCompiler({providers, useJit}?: {
+    providers?: Array<Type | Provider | any[]>;
+    useJit?: boolean;
+}): Compiler;

tools/public_api_guard/platform-browser/testing.d.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /** @stable */
-export declare const TEST_BROWSER_APPLICATION_PROVIDERS: Array<any>;
+export declare class BrowserTestModule {
+}
 
-/** @stable */
-export declare const TEST_BROWSER_PLATFORM_PROVIDERS: Array<any>;
+/** @experimental */
+export declare function browserTestPlatform(): PlatformRef;

tools/public_api_guard/platform-server/testing.d.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
-/** @experimental */
-export declare const TEST_SERVER_APPLICATION_PROVIDERS: Array<any>;
+/** @stable */
+export declare const serverTestCompiler: typeof browserTestCompiler;
+
+/** @stable */
+export declare class ServerTestModule {
+}
 
 /** @experimental */
-export declare const TEST_SERVER_PLATFORM_PROVIDERS: Array<any>;
+export declare function serverTestPlatform(): PlatformRef;