refactor(core): support non reflective bootstrap.

This changes Angular so that it can be used without reflection (assuming a codegen for injectors).

BREAKIKNG CHANGE:
- Drops `APP_COMPONENT` provider. Instead, inject
  `ApplicationRef` and read its `componentTypes` property.
- long form bootstrap has changed into the following:
  ```
  var platform = createPlatform(ReflectiveInjector.resolveAndCreate(BROWSER_PROVIDERS));
  var appInjector =
    ReflectiveInjector.resolveAndCreate([BROWSER_APP_PROVIDERS, appProviders], platform.injector);
  coreLoadAndBootstrap(appInjector, MyApp);
  ```

tools/public_api_guard/public_api_spec.ts

@@ -29,13 +29,15 @@ const CORE = [
   'AfterViewInit',
   'AfterViewInit.ngAfterViewInit():any',
   'ApplicationRef',
-  'ApplicationRef.bootstrap(componentType:Type, providers:Array<Type|Provider|any[]>):Promise<ComponentRef>',
+  'ApplicationRef.bootstrap(componentFactory:ComponentFactory):ComponentRef',
   'ApplicationRef.componentTypes:Type[]',
   'ApplicationRef.dispose():void',
   'ApplicationRef.injector:Injector',
   'ApplicationRef.registerBootstrapListener(listener:(ref: ComponentRef) => void):void',
   'ApplicationRef.registerDisposeListener(dispose:() => void):void',
   'ApplicationRef.tick():void',
+  'ApplicationRef.run(callback:Function):any',
+  'ApplicationRef.waitForAsyncInitializers():Promise<any>',
   'ApplicationRef.zone:NgZone',
   'AttributeMetadataFactory',
   'AttributeMetadata',
@@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ const CORE = [
   'DoCheck',
   'DoCheck.ngDoCheck():any',
   'DynamicComponentLoader',
-  'DynamicComponentLoader.loadAsRoot(type:Type, overrideSelectorOrNode:string, injector:Injector, onDispose:() => void, projectableNodes:any[][]):Promise<ComponentRef>',
+  'DynamicComponentLoader.loadAsRoot(type:Type, overrideSelectorOrNode:string|any, injector:Injector, onDispose:() => void, projectableNodes:any[][]):Promise<ComponentRef>',
   'DynamicComponentLoader.loadNextToLocation(type:Type, location:ViewContainerRef, providers:ResolvedReflectiveProvider[], projectableNodes:any[][]):Promise<ComponentRef>',
   'ElementRef',
   'ElementRef.nativeElement:any',
@@ -274,6 +276,7 @@ const CORE = [
   'NgZone.onMicrotaskEmpty:EventEmitter<any>',
   'NgZone.onUnstable:EventEmitter<any>',
   'NgZone.run(fn:() => any):any',
+  'NgZone.runGuarded(fn:() => any):any',
   'NgZone.runOutsideAngular(fn:() => any):any',
   'NgZoneError',
   'NgZoneError.constructor(error:any, stackTrace:any)',
@@ -306,11 +309,10 @@ const CORE = [
   'PipeTransform',
   'PipeTransform.transform(value:any, args:any[]):any',
   'PlatformRef',
-  'PlatformRef.application(providers:Array<Type|Provider|any[]>):ApplicationRef',
-  'PlatformRef.asyncApplication(bindingFn:(zone: NgZone) => Promise<Array<Type | Provider | any[]>>, providers:Array<Type|Provider|any[]>):Promise<ApplicationRef>',
   'PlatformRef.dispose():void',
   'PlatformRef.injector:Injector',
   'PlatformRef.registerDisposeListener(dispose:() => void):void',
+  'PlatformRef.disposed:boolean',
   'Provider',
   'Provider.constructor(token:any, {useClass,useValue,useExisting,useFactory,deps,multi}:{useClass?:Type, useValue?:any, useExisting?:any, useFactory?:Function, deps?:Object[], multi?:boolean})',
   'Provider.dependencies:Object[]',
@@ -493,7 +495,6 @@ const CORE = [
   'WrappedValue.wrap(value:any):WrappedValue',
   'bind(token:any):ProviderBuilder',
   'const APPLICATION_COMMON_PROVIDERS:Array<Type|Provider|any[]>',
-  'const APP_COMPONENT:OpaqueToken',
   'const APP_ID:OpaqueToken',
   'const APP_INITIALIZER:OpaqueToken',
   'const PACKAGE_ROOT_URL:OpaqueToken',
@@ -504,7 +505,12 @@ const CORE = [
   'createNgZone():NgZone',
   'enableProdMode():any',
   'forwardRef(forwardRefFn:ForwardRefFn):Type',
-  'platform(providers:Array<Type|Provider|any[]>):PlatformRef',
+  'coreBootstrap(injector:Injector, componentFactory:ComponentFactory):ComponentRef',
+  'coreLoadAndBootstrap(injector:Injector, componentType:Type):Promise<ComponentRef>',
+  'assertPlatform(requiredToken:any):PlatformRef',
+  'createPlatform(injector:Injector):PlatformRef',
+  'disposePlatform():void',
+  'getPlatform():PlatformRef',
   'provide(token:any, {useClass,useValue,useExisting,useFactory,deps,multi}:{useClass?:Type, useValue?:any, useExisting?:any, useFactory?:Function, deps?:Object[], multi?:boolean}):Provider',
   'resolveForwardRef(type:any):any',
   'setTestabilityGetter(getter:GetTestability):void',
@@ -1210,7 +1216,8 @@ const BROWSER = [
   'const ELEMENT_PROBE_PROVIDERS_PROD_MODE:any[]',
   'disableDebugTools():void',
   'enableDebugTools(ref:ComponentRef):void',
-  'inspectNativeElement(element:any):DebugNode'
+  'inspectNativeElement(element:any):DebugNode',
+  'browserStaticPlatform():PlatformRef'
 ];
 
 describe('public API', () => {