feat(ivy): Add InheritanceDefinitionFeature to support directive inheritance (#24570)

- Adds InheritanceDefinitionFeature to ivy
- Ensures that lifecycle hooks are inherited from super classes whether they are defined as directives or not
- Directives cannot inherit from Components
- Components can inherit from Directives or Components
- Ensures that Inputs, Outputs, and Host Bindings are inherited
- Ensures that super class Features are run

PR Close #24570

packages/compiler-cli/src/ngtsc/annotations/src/directive.ts

@@ -108,6 +108,9 @@ export function extractDirectiveMetadata(
                             member => member.isStatic && member.kind === ClassMemberKind.Method &&
                                 member.name === 'ngOnChanges') !== undefined;
 
+  // Detect if the component inherits from another class
+  const usesInheritance = clazz.heritageClauses !== undefined &&
+      clazz.heritageClauses.some(hc => hc.token === ts.SyntaxKind.ExtendsKeyword);
   return {
     name: clazz.name !.text,
     deps: getConstructorDependencies(clazz, reflector, isCore),
@@ -123,7 +126,7 @@ export function extractDirectiveMetadata(
     outputs: {...outputsFromMeta, ...outputsFromFields},
     queries: [], selector,
     type: new WrappedNodeExpr(clazz.name !),
-    typeSourceSpan: null !,
+    typeSourceSpan: null !, usesInheritance,
   };
 }