build: switch example e2e tests to bazel (#28402)

* No longer builds the example e2e tests using "tsc". The examples are now built with Bazel and can therefore be built with Ivy by using the `--define=compile=aot` switch.
* No longer runs the example e2e tests using the protractor CLI. example e2e tests are executed with the Bazel protractor rule and can therefore run incrementally.

NOTE: Unit tests found within the examples are still running within the legacy jobs.

PR Close #28402

packages/examples/core/testing/ts/BUILD.bazel

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+load("//tools:defaults.bzl", "jasmine_node_test", "ts_library")
+
+ts_library(
+    name = "fake_async_lib",
+    srcs = [
+        "example_spec.ts",
+        "fake_async.ts",
+    ],
+    deps = [
+        "//packages/core/testing",
+        "@ngdeps//@types/jasmine",
+        "@ngdeps//@types/node",
+    ],
+)
+
+jasmine_node_test(
+    name = "test",
+    bootstrap = ["angular/tools/testing/init_node_spec.js"],
+    deps = [
+        ":fake_async_lib",
+        "//tools/testing:node",
+    ],
+)

packages/examples/core/testing/ts/example_spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license that can be
+ * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
+ */
+
+// Import the "fake_async" example that registers tests which are shown as examples. These need
+// to be valid tests, so we run them here. Note that we need to add this layer of abstraction here
+// because the "jasmine_node_test" rule only picks up test files with the "_spec.ts" file suffix.
+import './fake_async';