feat(compiler): reuse the TypeScript typecheck for template typechecking. (#19152)

This speeds up the compilation process significantly.

Also introduces a new option `fullTemplateTypeCheck` to do more checks in templates:
- check expressions inside of templatized content (e.g. inside of `<div *ngIf>`).
- check the arguments of calls to the `transform` function of pipes
- check references to directives that were exposed as variables via `exportAs`
PR Close #19152

packages/compiler/test/template_parser/template_parser_spec.ts

@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ function compileTemplateMetadata({encapsulation, template, templateUrl, styles,
     encapsulation: noUndefined(encapsulation),
     template: noUndefined(template),
     templateUrl: noUndefined(templateUrl),
+    htmlAst: null,
     styles: styles || [],
     styleUrls: styleUrls || [],
     externalStylesheets: externalStylesheets || [],
@@ -372,6 +373,7 @@ export function main() {
                animations: [],
                template: null,
                templateUrl: null,
+               htmlAst: null,
                ngContentSelectors: [],
                externalStylesheets: [],
                styleUrls: [],