fix(ivy): support static ViewChild queries (#28811)

This commit adds support for the `static: true` flag in
`ViewChild` queries. Prior to this commit, all `ViewChild`
queries were resolved after change detection ran. This is
a problem for backwards compatibility because View Engine
also supported "static" queries which would resolve before
change detection.

Now if users add a `static: true` option, the query will be
resolved in creation mode (before change detection runs).
For example:

```ts
@ViewChild(TemplateRef, {static: true}) template !: TemplateRef;
```

This feature will come in handy for components that need
to create components dynamically.

PR Close #28811

packages/compiler-cli/src/ngtsc/annotations/src/directive.ts

@@ -229,6 +229,9 @@ export function extractQueryMetadata(
   const node = unwrapForwardRef(args[0], reflector);
   const arg = evaluator.evaluate(node);
 
+  /** Whether or not this query should collect only static results (see view/api.ts)  */
+  let isStatic: boolean = false;
+
   // Extract the predicate
   let predicate: Expression|string[]|null = null;
   if (arg instanceof Reference) {
@@ -263,13 +266,28 @@ export function extractQueryMetadata(
       }
       descendants = descendantsValue;
     }
+
+    if (options.has('static')) {
+      const staticValue = evaluator.evaluate(options.get('static') !);
+      if (typeof staticValue !== 'boolean') {
+        throw new FatalDiagnosticError(
+            ErrorCode.VALUE_HAS_WRONG_TYPE, node, `@${name} options.static must be a boolean`);
+      }
+      isStatic = staticValue;
+    }
+
   } else if (args.length > 2) {
     // Too many arguments.
     throw new Error(`@${name} has too many arguments`);
   }
 
   return {
-      propertyName, predicate, first, descendants, read,
+    propertyName,
+    predicate,
+    first,
+    descendants,
+    read,
+    static: isStatic,
   };
 }