fix(core): detectChanges() doesn't work on detached instance

Closes #13426
Closes #13472

modules/@angular/core/test/linker/change_detection_integration_spec.ts

@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ export function main() {
           AnotherComponent,
           TestLocals,
           CompWithRef,
+          WrapCompWithRef,
           EmitterDirective,
           PushComp,
           OnDestroyDirective,
@@ -1133,6 +1134,23 @@ export function main() {
            expect(renderLog.log).toEqual([]);
          }));
 
+      it('Detached view can be checked locally', fakeAsync(() => {
+        const ctx = createCompFixture('<wrap-comp-with-ref></wrap-comp-with-ref>');
+        const cmp: CompWithRef = queryDirs(ctx.debugElement, CompWithRef)[0];
+        cmp.value = 'hello';
+        cmp.changeDetectorRef.detach();
+        expect(renderLog.log).toEqual([]);
+
+        ctx.detectChanges();
+
+        expect(renderLog.log).toEqual([]);
+
+        cmp.changeDetectorRef.detectChanges();
+
+        expect(renderLog.log).toEqual(['{{hello}}']);
+      }));
+
+
       it('Reattaches', fakeAsync(() => {
            const ctx = createCompFixture('<comp-with-ref></comp-with-ref>');
            const cmp: CompWithRef = queryDirs(ctx.debugElement, CompWithRef)[0];
@@ -1346,6 +1364,14 @@ class CompWithRef {
   noop() {}
 }
 
+@Component({
+  selector: 'wrap-comp-with-ref',
+  template: '<comp-with-ref></comp-with-ref>'
+})
+class WrapCompWithRef {
+  constructor(public changeDetectorRef: ChangeDetectorRef) {}
+}
+
 @Component({
   selector: 'push-cmp',
   template: '<div (event)="noop()" emitterDirective></div>{{value}}{{renderIncrement}}',