build: Upgrade to TypeScript 2.5 (#20175)

- update to TypeScript 2.5
- point the 2.4 typings test at the previous typescript version, so we
  don't break it accidentally
- widen the peerDeps from Angular packages that depend on TypeScript
- update to latest TypeScript 2.5 compatible Bazel rules
- move .bazelrc to tools/bazel.rc per https://docs.bazel.build/versions/master/best-practices.html#bazelrc

PR Close #20175

.bazelrc

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-# Make compilation fast, by keeping a few copies of the compilers
-# running as daemons, and cache SourceFile AST's to reduce parse time.
-build --strategy=TypeScriptCompile=worker
-build --strategy=AngularTemplateCompile=worker
-
-# Don't create bazel-* symlinks in the WORKSPACE directory.
-# These require .gitignore and may scare users.
-# Also, it's a workaround for https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_typescript/issues/12
-# which affects the common case of having `tsconfig.json` in the WORKSPACE directory.
-#
-# Instead, you should run `bazel info bazel-bin` to find out where the outputs went.
-build --symlink_prefix=/
-
-# Performance: avoid stat'ing input files
-build --watchfs
-
-# Don't print all the .d.ts output locations after builds
-build --show_result=0